SYG 2000 COMPREHENSIVEE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Independent Variables - ✔✔A measured factor that the researcher believes has a
causal impact on the dependent variable.
✔✔Hypothesis - ✔✔A proposed relationship between two variables.
✔✔Hypothesis Testing - ✔✔Relates to operationalization, which is the process of
assigning a precise method for measuring a term being examined for use in a particular
study. Really helps us see how to pieces of a puzzle fit together.
✔✔Culture - ✔✔A set of beliefs, traditions, and practices; the sum of the social
categories and concepts we embrace in addition to beliefs. In addition to beliefs,
behaviors (except instinctual ones) and practices; everything but the natural
environment around us.
✔✔Ethnocentrism - ✔✔The belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others,
and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own.
✔✔Material culture - ✔✔Everything that is a part of our constructed, physical
environment, including technology.
✔✔Nonmaterial culture - ✔✔Values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms.
✔✔Ideology - ✔✔a system of concepts and relationships; an understanding of cause
and effect.
✔✔Cultural relativism - ✔✔Taking into account the differences across cultures without
passing judgement or assigning value.
✔✔Cultural Scripts - ✔✔Modes of behavior and understanding that are not universal or
natural.
✔✔Subculture - ✔✔the distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular
group in society; a group united by sets of concepts, values, symbols, and shared
meaning specific to the members of that group distinctive enough to distinguish it from
others within the same culture or society.
✔✔Hegemony - Antonio Gramsci - ✔✔A condition by which a dominant group uses its
power to elicit the voluntary "consent" of the masses.
✔✔Political Economy of the Media - Media concentration - ✔✔Most broadcasting
companies are privately owned in the United States, are financially supported by
, advertising, and are therefore likely to reflect the biases of their owners and backers. As
corporate control of the media becomes more and more centralized, the concern is that
the range of opinions available will decrease and that corporate censorship will further
compromise the already-tarnished integrity of the mainstream media.
✔✔Consumerism - ✔✔The steady acquisition of material possessions, often with the
belief that happiness and fulfillment can thus be achieved.
✔✔Culture Jamming - ✔✔The act of turning media against themselves.
✔✔Socialization - ✔✔The process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs,
and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society.
✔✔Limits of Socialization - ✔✔While we operate within limits that largely are not of our
own making, we also make choices about how to interact with our environment. Twins
are often used to support one or the other side of nature-vs-nurture because they allow
us to factor out genetics.
✔✔Self, Looking Glass Self Theory Charles Horton Cooley - ✔✔The individual identity
of a person as perceived by that same person.
✔✔I, Me, Other - George Herbert Mead - ✔✔I, one's sense of agency, action, or power;
Me, the self as perceived as an object by the I (basically the self as one imagines others
perceive one); Other, someone or something outside of oneself.
✔✔Generalized Other - ✔✔An internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a
variety of settings-regardless of whether we've encountered those people or places
before.
✔✔Family - ✔✔the original source of significant others and the primary unit of
socialization.
✔✔School - ✔✔provides reference groups of socialization like peers and teachers. A
teacher's goal is to properly socialize you, teaching you to share, take turns, and resolve
conflict.
✔✔Peers - ✔✔can reinforce messages taught at home or even contradict them.
Adolescents tend to listen to their friends advice over their parents.
✔✔Media - ✔✔can have positive or negative effects, such as encouraging education or
promoting violence.
✔✔Accomplishment of Natural Growth - Annette Lareau - ✔✔Working class and poor
parents focus on accomplishment of natural growth, they give their children the room
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Independent Variables - ✔✔A measured factor that the researcher believes has a
causal impact on the dependent variable.
✔✔Hypothesis - ✔✔A proposed relationship between two variables.
✔✔Hypothesis Testing - ✔✔Relates to operationalization, which is the process of
assigning a precise method for measuring a term being examined for use in a particular
study. Really helps us see how to pieces of a puzzle fit together.
✔✔Culture - ✔✔A set of beliefs, traditions, and practices; the sum of the social
categories and concepts we embrace in addition to beliefs. In addition to beliefs,
behaviors (except instinctual ones) and practices; everything but the natural
environment around us.
✔✔Ethnocentrism - ✔✔The belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others,
and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own.
✔✔Material culture - ✔✔Everything that is a part of our constructed, physical
environment, including technology.
✔✔Nonmaterial culture - ✔✔Values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms.
✔✔Ideology - ✔✔a system of concepts and relationships; an understanding of cause
and effect.
✔✔Cultural relativism - ✔✔Taking into account the differences across cultures without
passing judgement or assigning value.
✔✔Cultural Scripts - ✔✔Modes of behavior and understanding that are not universal or
natural.
✔✔Subculture - ✔✔the distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular
group in society; a group united by sets of concepts, values, symbols, and shared
meaning specific to the members of that group distinctive enough to distinguish it from
others within the same culture or society.
✔✔Hegemony - Antonio Gramsci - ✔✔A condition by which a dominant group uses its
power to elicit the voluntary "consent" of the masses.
✔✔Political Economy of the Media - Media concentration - ✔✔Most broadcasting
companies are privately owned in the United States, are financially supported by
, advertising, and are therefore likely to reflect the biases of their owners and backers. As
corporate control of the media becomes more and more centralized, the concern is that
the range of opinions available will decrease and that corporate censorship will further
compromise the already-tarnished integrity of the mainstream media.
✔✔Consumerism - ✔✔The steady acquisition of material possessions, often with the
belief that happiness and fulfillment can thus be achieved.
✔✔Culture Jamming - ✔✔The act of turning media against themselves.
✔✔Socialization - ✔✔The process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs,
and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society.
✔✔Limits of Socialization - ✔✔While we operate within limits that largely are not of our
own making, we also make choices about how to interact with our environment. Twins
are often used to support one or the other side of nature-vs-nurture because they allow
us to factor out genetics.
✔✔Self, Looking Glass Self Theory Charles Horton Cooley - ✔✔The individual identity
of a person as perceived by that same person.
✔✔I, Me, Other - George Herbert Mead - ✔✔I, one's sense of agency, action, or power;
Me, the self as perceived as an object by the I (basically the self as one imagines others
perceive one); Other, someone or something outside of oneself.
✔✔Generalized Other - ✔✔An internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a
variety of settings-regardless of whether we've encountered those people or places
before.
✔✔Family - ✔✔the original source of significant others and the primary unit of
socialization.
✔✔School - ✔✔provides reference groups of socialization like peers and teachers. A
teacher's goal is to properly socialize you, teaching you to share, take turns, and resolve
conflict.
✔✔Peers - ✔✔can reinforce messages taught at home or even contradict them.
Adolescents tend to listen to their friends advice over their parents.
✔✔Media - ✔✔can have positive or negative effects, such as encouraging education or
promoting violence.
✔✔Accomplishment of Natural Growth - Annette Lareau - ✔✔Working class and poor
parents focus on accomplishment of natural growth, they give their children the room
