SYG 2000 UPDATED SCRIPT EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔The Feminization of Poverty - ✔✔The increasing proportion of women among the
poor, often due to factors such as gender discrimination, lower wages, and single
parenthood.
✔✔Deep Poverty - ✔✔A state of extreme poverty where individuals or families live
below half the poverty line.
✔✔The Working Poor - ✔✔Individuals or families who are employed but still live in
poverty due to low wages or insufficient hours of work.
✔✔Taxes and Transfers - ✔✔Government policies that redistribute income through
taxation and social welfare programs to reduce inequality.
✔✔Contexts of Class Distribution - ✔✔Factors influencing how class is distributed in
society, including state policies, changes in technology, labor structure, and
globalization.
✔✔The Middle-Class Squeeze - ✔✔The economic pressure faced by the middle class
due to rising costs of living and stagnating wages.
✔✔Inequality of Opportunity - ✔✔The unequal chances individuals have to pursue
education, employment, and economic advancement based on their background.
✔✔Social Mobility - ✔✔The ability of individuals or families to move up or down the
socio-economic ladder over time.
✔✔Intergenerational Mobility - ✔✔Changes in social status that occur from one
generation to the next within a family.
✔✔The Great Gatsby Curve - ✔✔A concept that illustrates the relationship between
income inequality and intergenerational mobility, suggesting that higher inequality leads
to lower mobility.
✔✔Race - ✔✔A social construct that categorizes people based on physical
characteristics, such as skin color, and often influences social dynamics and inequality.
✔✔Ethnicity - ✔✔A social category based on shared cultural traits, such as language,
religion, and traditions, which can influence social identity and experiences.
✔✔Social Constructivism - ✔✔A theory that suggests social phenomena are created
through social processes and interactions, rather than existing independently.
, ✔✔Biological Essentialism - ✔✔The belief that social differences, particularly regarding
gender and race, are rooted in biological differences rather than social constructs.
✔✔Racial Formation Theory - ✔✔A sociological theory that examines the social,
economic, and political forces that shape the meaning and significance of race in
society.
✔✔One-Drop Rule - ✔✔A social and legal principle asserting that any person with even
one ancestor of African descent is considered Black.
✔✔Blood Quantum Rule - ✔✔A legal definition of Indigenous identity based on the
percentage of ancestry from a particular racial group, often used to determine eligibility
for tribal membership.
✔✔Racism - ✔✔Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against individuals of
a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior.
✔✔Prejudice - ✔✔A preconceived opinion or judgment about an individual or group that
is not based on reason or actual experience.
✔✔Stereotypes vs. Implicit Bias - ✔✔Stereotypes are oversimplified ideas about
groups, while implicit bias refers to the unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect
understanding, actions, and decisions.
✔✔Discrimination - ✔✔The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of
people, often based on race, gender, or other characteristics.
✔✔De Jure vs. De Facto - ✔✔De jure refers to legally enforced practices, while de facto
refers to practices that exist in reality, even if not legally sanctioned.
✔✔Institutional Inequality - ✔✔Systematic disparities in opportunities and treatment
within institutions that disadvantage certain groups.
✔✔Systemic Racism - ✔✔A form of racism that is embedded in the policies and
practices of societal institutions, resulting in unequal outcomes for different racial
groups.
✔✔Cyclical Process of Oppression - ✔✔A pattern in which oppression is perpetuated
through social, economic, and political systems, creating a cycle that is difficult to break.
✔✔Model Minority Myth - ✔✔The stereotype that a particular racial or ethnic group is
more successful than others, often used to undermine the experiences of marginalized
groups.
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔The Feminization of Poverty - ✔✔The increasing proportion of women among the
poor, often due to factors such as gender discrimination, lower wages, and single
parenthood.
✔✔Deep Poverty - ✔✔A state of extreme poverty where individuals or families live
below half the poverty line.
✔✔The Working Poor - ✔✔Individuals or families who are employed but still live in
poverty due to low wages or insufficient hours of work.
✔✔Taxes and Transfers - ✔✔Government policies that redistribute income through
taxation and social welfare programs to reduce inequality.
✔✔Contexts of Class Distribution - ✔✔Factors influencing how class is distributed in
society, including state policies, changes in technology, labor structure, and
globalization.
✔✔The Middle-Class Squeeze - ✔✔The economic pressure faced by the middle class
due to rising costs of living and stagnating wages.
✔✔Inequality of Opportunity - ✔✔The unequal chances individuals have to pursue
education, employment, and economic advancement based on their background.
✔✔Social Mobility - ✔✔The ability of individuals or families to move up or down the
socio-economic ladder over time.
✔✔Intergenerational Mobility - ✔✔Changes in social status that occur from one
generation to the next within a family.
✔✔The Great Gatsby Curve - ✔✔A concept that illustrates the relationship between
income inequality and intergenerational mobility, suggesting that higher inequality leads
to lower mobility.
✔✔Race - ✔✔A social construct that categorizes people based on physical
characteristics, such as skin color, and often influences social dynamics and inequality.
✔✔Ethnicity - ✔✔A social category based on shared cultural traits, such as language,
religion, and traditions, which can influence social identity and experiences.
✔✔Social Constructivism - ✔✔A theory that suggests social phenomena are created
through social processes and interactions, rather than existing independently.
, ✔✔Biological Essentialism - ✔✔The belief that social differences, particularly regarding
gender and race, are rooted in biological differences rather than social constructs.
✔✔Racial Formation Theory - ✔✔A sociological theory that examines the social,
economic, and political forces that shape the meaning and significance of race in
society.
✔✔One-Drop Rule - ✔✔A social and legal principle asserting that any person with even
one ancestor of African descent is considered Black.
✔✔Blood Quantum Rule - ✔✔A legal definition of Indigenous identity based on the
percentage of ancestry from a particular racial group, often used to determine eligibility
for tribal membership.
✔✔Racism - ✔✔Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against individuals of
a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior.
✔✔Prejudice - ✔✔A preconceived opinion or judgment about an individual or group that
is not based on reason or actual experience.
✔✔Stereotypes vs. Implicit Bias - ✔✔Stereotypes are oversimplified ideas about
groups, while implicit bias refers to the unconscious attitudes or stereotypes that affect
understanding, actions, and decisions.
✔✔Discrimination - ✔✔The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of
people, often based on race, gender, or other characteristics.
✔✔De Jure vs. De Facto - ✔✔De jure refers to legally enforced practices, while de facto
refers to practices that exist in reality, even if not legally sanctioned.
✔✔Institutional Inequality - ✔✔Systematic disparities in opportunities and treatment
within institutions that disadvantage certain groups.
✔✔Systemic Racism - ✔✔A form of racism that is embedded in the policies and
practices of societal institutions, resulting in unequal outcomes for different racial
groups.
✔✔Cyclical Process of Oppression - ✔✔A pattern in which oppression is perpetuated
through social, economic, and political systems, creating a cycle that is difficult to break.
✔✔Model Minority Myth - ✔✔The stereotype that a particular racial or ethnic group is
more successful than others, often used to undermine the experiences of marginalized
groups.
