AQA GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE TRILOGY
HIGHER TIER PHYSICS PAPER 2H
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS 2026
◉ For a car to slow down kinetic energy must be... Answer:
converted into other types of energy
◉ For a car to stop, the kinetic energy must be... Answer: converted
into heat energy as friction between the wheels and the brake pads,
causing the temperature in the brakes to increase
◉ How do you calculate kinetic energy gained when falling? Answer:
kinetic energy gained= potential energy lost
◉ What can potential energy be transferred into? Answer: heat and
sound energy
◉ Elastic objects are... Answer: objects that will return to its original
shape when bent or shaped
◉ What is the energy stored in an elastic object when bent? Answer:
elastic potential energy
,◉ The extension of an elastic object is... Answer: directly
proportional to the force applied
◉ What is the equation that links together extension, spring
constant and force? Answer: force (N)= spring constant (n/m) x
extension (m)
◉ What happens when you pull an elastic object beyond its limit of
proportionality? Answer: it will not extend as much with the same
force due to the limit of proportionality
◉ What is power? Answer: the rate of energy transferred
◉ What are powerful machines? Answer: a machine that transfers a
lot of force in a short space of time
◉ What is the unit of power? Answer: watts or joules per second
◉ What is the formula for power? Answer: power= work done (or
energy transferred) ÷ time taken
◉ What is the definition of momentum? Answer: a property of
moving objects- size and direction (it is a vector quantity)
,◉ What is the formula of momentum? Answer: momentum (kg
m/s)= mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)
◉ What is conservation of momentum? Answer: in a closed system
of momentum, total momentum before an event is the same as after
◉ In what way do forces cause changes in momentum? Answer: -
forces act on an object cause a change in momentum
- larger force means a faster change of momentum
- if someones momentum changes very quickly (e.g. in a car crash)
the forces on the body will be very large, and more likely cause an
injury
◉ Why are cars designed with safety features? Answer: - to slow
people down over a long time when they have a car crash
- the longer it takes for a change in momentum, the smaller the force
◉ What do breaks do? Answer: reduce the kinetic energy of the car
by transferring it into heat energy
◉ What is the difference between standard brakes and regenerative
brakes? Answer: standard brakes= kinetic energy into heat energy
regenerative brakes put motor running backwards- electricity
generated and stored
, ◉ How are cars designed to convert kinetic energy safely in a crash?
Answer: - crumple zones at front and back of car
- seat belts
- air bags
- side impact bars
◉ What do crumple zones do? Answer: - crumple upon impact
- cars kinetic energy is converted into other forms of energy by the
car body as it changes shape
- the increase the impact time
- decrease the force produced by the change in momentum
◉ What do seat belts do? Answer: - stretch slightly
- increase the time taken for the wearer to stop
- this reduces the forces acting in the chest
- some kinetic energy of the wearer is absorbed by the seat belt
stretching
◉ What do airbags do? Answer: - slow you down more gradually
- prevent you from hitting the hard surfaces inside the car
HIGHER TIER PHYSICS PAPER 2H
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION EXAMS 2026
◉ For a car to slow down kinetic energy must be... Answer:
converted into other types of energy
◉ For a car to stop, the kinetic energy must be... Answer: converted
into heat energy as friction between the wheels and the brake pads,
causing the temperature in the brakes to increase
◉ How do you calculate kinetic energy gained when falling? Answer:
kinetic energy gained= potential energy lost
◉ What can potential energy be transferred into? Answer: heat and
sound energy
◉ Elastic objects are... Answer: objects that will return to its original
shape when bent or shaped
◉ What is the energy stored in an elastic object when bent? Answer:
elastic potential energy
,◉ The extension of an elastic object is... Answer: directly
proportional to the force applied
◉ What is the equation that links together extension, spring
constant and force? Answer: force (N)= spring constant (n/m) x
extension (m)
◉ What happens when you pull an elastic object beyond its limit of
proportionality? Answer: it will not extend as much with the same
force due to the limit of proportionality
◉ What is power? Answer: the rate of energy transferred
◉ What are powerful machines? Answer: a machine that transfers a
lot of force in a short space of time
◉ What is the unit of power? Answer: watts or joules per second
◉ What is the formula for power? Answer: power= work done (or
energy transferred) ÷ time taken
◉ What is the definition of momentum? Answer: a property of
moving objects- size and direction (it is a vector quantity)
,◉ What is the formula of momentum? Answer: momentum (kg
m/s)= mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)
◉ What is conservation of momentum? Answer: in a closed system
of momentum, total momentum before an event is the same as after
◉ In what way do forces cause changes in momentum? Answer: -
forces act on an object cause a change in momentum
- larger force means a faster change of momentum
- if someones momentum changes very quickly (e.g. in a car crash)
the forces on the body will be very large, and more likely cause an
injury
◉ Why are cars designed with safety features? Answer: - to slow
people down over a long time when they have a car crash
- the longer it takes for a change in momentum, the smaller the force
◉ What do breaks do? Answer: reduce the kinetic energy of the car
by transferring it into heat energy
◉ What is the difference between standard brakes and regenerative
brakes? Answer: standard brakes= kinetic energy into heat energy
regenerative brakes put motor running backwards- electricity
generated and stored
, ◉ How are cars designed to convert kinetic energy safely in a crash?
Answer: - crumple zones at front and back of car
- seat belts
- air bags
- side impact bars
◉ What do crumple zones do? Answer: - crumple upon impact
- cars kinetic energy is converted into other forms of energy by the
car body as it changes shape
- the increase the impact time
- decrease the force produced by the change in momentum
◉ What do seat belts do? Answer: - stretch slightly
- increase the time taken for the wearer to stop
- this reduces the forces acting in the chest
- some kinetic energy of the wearer is absorbed by the seat belt
stretching
◉ What do airbags do? Answer: - slow you down more gradually
- prevent you from hitting the hard surfaces inside the car
