Summary
European Union
Politics
McCormick 2013
Space and Environment in the
European Union
,Content – McCormick 2013
Chapter 1 – Understanding Integration.......................................................................................................... 6
1.1 International Organization, IO........................................................................................................................6
1.2 From federalism to neofunctionalism.............................................................................................................6
1.3 The spotlight moves to governments.............................................................................................................7
1.4 Overview.........................................................................................................................................................8
Chapter 2: What is the European Union?........................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Where to start?...............................................................................................................................................9
2.2 The comparative approach...........................................................................................................................10
2.3 Federalism....................................................................................................................................................12
2.4 Confederalism...............................................................................................................................................12
2.4 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................15
Chapter 3: Who are the Europeans?............................................................................................................. 16
3.1 Where is Europe............................................................................................................................................16
3.2 Understanding European identity................................................................................................................16
3.3 Citizenship and patriotism............................................................................................................................16
3.4 Summary.......................................................................................................................................................16
3.5 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................17
Chapter 4: Organizing Postwar Europe......................................................................................................... 18
4.1 Europe before WWII.....................................................................................................................................18
4.2 The troubled state of postwar Europe..........................................................................................................18
4.3 Rebuilding economies (1945-51)..................................................................................................................18
4.4 Addressing external threats (1946-49).........................................................................................................19
4.5 The Council of Europe...................................................................................................................................19
4.6 The European Coal and Steal Committee.....................................................................................................19
4.7 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................20
Chapter 5: The European Economic Community........................................................................................... 21
5.1 Internal and external shocks.........................................................................................................................21
5.2 The European Economic Community (1995-58)...........................................................................................21
5.3 International development: the nervous 1960s...........................................................................................23
5.4 Enlargement tops the agenda (1960-86).....................................................................................................23
5.5 First steps to monetary union (1969-92)......................................................................................................23
5.6 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................25
Chapter 6: From Single Market to European Union.......................................................................................26
6.1 The Single European Act (1983-93)..............................................................................................................26
2
, 6.2 International developments: the end of the Cold War.................................................................................27
6.3 The Community becomes a Union (1990-93)...............................................................................................27
6.4 More enlargement (199-95).........................................................................................................................29
6.5 The backlash against Europe........................................................................................................................29
6.6 From Amsterdam to Nice (1997-2002).........................................................................................................29
6.7 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................30
Chapter 7: To the Euro Crisis and Beyond..................................................................................................... 31
7.1 Arrival of the Euro (1995-2002)....................................................................................................................31
7.2 Shockwaves from Iraq..................................................................................................................................31
7.3 The EU looks east (1994-2013).....................................................................................................................31
7.4 The failed constitutional treaty (2001-05)....................................................................................................32
7.5 The treaty of Lisbon......................................................................................................................................32
7.6 Crisis in the euro zone...................................................................................................................................33
7.7 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................34
Chapter 8: The Treaties................................................................................................................................ 35
8.1 Understanding the treaties...........................................................................................................................35
8.2 The treaty-building epic................................................................................................................................38
8.3 Other element of the EU legal order............................................................................................................39
8.4 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................40
Chapter 10: The European Commission........................................................................................................ 41
10.1 How the Commission evolved.....................................................................................................................41
10.2 How the Commission is structured.............................................................................................................42
10.3 What the Commission does........................................................................................................................44
10.4 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................46
Chapter 11: The Councils.............................................................................................................................. 47
11.1 How the Councils evolved...........................................................................................................................47
11.2 How the Council of Ministers is structured.................................................................................................47
11.3 What the Council of Ministers does............................................................................................................48
11.4 The European Council.................................................................................................................................50
11.5 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................51
Chapter 12: The European Parliament.......................................................................................................... 52
12.1 How Parliament evolved.............................................................................................................................52
12.2 How Parliament is structed........................................................................................................................52
12.3 What Parliament does................................................................................................................................54
12.4 Overview....................................................................................................................................................57
Chapter 15: Parties and Interest groups........................................................................................................ 58
3
, 15.1 European political groups...........................................................................................................................58
15.2 Interest groups............................................................................................................................................58
15.3 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................59
Chapter 18: Public Policy in the EU............................................................................................................... 60
18.1 Legal basis of policy....................................................................................................................................60
18.2 The policy cycle...........................................................................................................................................60
18.4 The EU budget............................................................................................................................................64
18.5 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................65
Chapter 19: Economic policy........................................................................................................................ 66
19.1 The outlines and limits of economic policy.................................................................................................66
19.2 The single market.......................................................................................................................................67
19.3 Effects of the single market........................................................................................................................68
19.4 The rise of corporate Europe......................................................................................................................68
19.5 Competition policy......................................................................................................................................68
19.6 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................69
Chapter 21: Cohesion Policy......................................................................................................................... 70
21.1 The quest for economic equality................................................................................................................70
21.2 Social policy................................................................................................................................................70
21.3 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................71
Chapter 24: The EU as Global Actor.............................................................................................................. 72
24.1 Understanding the global role of the EU....................................................................................................72
24.2 Foreign policy..............................................................................................................................................73
24.3 Security and defence policy........................................................................................................................74
24.4 Trade policy................................................................................................................................................74
24.5 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................74
Chapter 25: THE EU and the World............................................................................................................... 76
25.1 The EU and the US......................................................................................................................................76
25.2 The EU and development cooperation.......................................................................................................76
25.3 Summary.....................................................................................................................................................76
25.X.....................................................................................................................................................................77
4
European Union
Politics
McCormick 2013
Space and Environment in the
European Union
,Content – McCormick 2013
Chapter 1 – Understanding Integration.......................................................................................................... 6
1.1 International Organization, IO........................................................................................................................6
1.2 From federalism to neofunctionalism.............................................................................................................6
1.3 The spotlight moves to governments.............................................................................................................7
1.4 Overview.........................................................................................................................................................8
Chapter 2: What is the European Union?........................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Where to start?...............................................................................................................................................9
2.2 The comparative approach...........................................................................................................................10
2.3 Federalism....................................................................................................................................................12
2.4 Confederalism...............................................................................................................................................12
2.4 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................15
Chapter 3: Who are the Europeans?............................................................................................................. 16
3.1 Where is Europe............................................................................................................................................16
3.2 Understanding European identity................................................................................................................16
3.3 Citizenship and patriotism............................................................................................................................16
3.4 Summary.......................................................................................................................................................16
3.5 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................17
Chapter 4: Organizing Postwar Europe......................................................................................................... 18
4.1 Europe before WWII.....................................................................................................................................18
4.2 The troubled state of postwar Europe..........................................................................................................18
4.3 Rebuilding economies (1945-51)..................................................................................................................18
4.4 Addressing external threats (1946-49).........................................................................................................19
4.5 The Council of Europe...................................................................................................................................19
4.6 The European Coal and Steal Committee.....................................................................................................19
4.7 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................20
Chapter 5: The European Economic Community........................................................................................... 21
5.1 Internal and external shocks.........................................................................................................................21
5.2 The European Economic Community (1995-58)...........................................................................................21
5.3 International development: the nervous 1960s...........................................................................................23
5.4 Enlargement tops the agenda (1960-86).....................................................................................................23
5.5 First steps to monetary union (1969-92)......................................................................................................23
5.6 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................25
Chapter 6: From Single Market to European Union.......................................................................................26
6.1 The Single European Act (1983-93)..............................................................................................................26
2
, 6.2 International developments: the end of the Cold War.................................................................................27
6.3 The Community becomes a Union (1990-93)...............................................................................................27
6.4 More enlargement (199-95).........................................................................................................................29
6.5 The backlash against Europe........................................................................................................................29
6.6 From Amsterdam to Nice (1997-2002).........................................................................................................29
6.7 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................30
Chapter 7: To the Euro Crisis and Beyond..................................................................................................... 31
7.1 Arrival of the Euro (1995-2002)....................................................................................................................31
7.2 Shockwaves from Iraq..................................................................................................................................31
7.3 The EU looks east (1994-2013).....................................................................................................................31
7.4 The failed constitutional treaty (2001-05)....................................................................................................32
7.5 The treaty of Lisbon......................................................................................................................................32
7.6 Crisis in the euro zone...................................................................................................................................33
7.7 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................34
Chapter 8: The Treaties................................................................................................................................ 35
8.1 Understanding the treaties...........................................................................................................................35
8.2 The treaty-building epic................................................................................................................................38
8.3 Other element of the EU legal order............................................................................................................39
8.4 Overview.......................................................................................................................................................40
Chapter 10: The European Commission........................................................................................................ 41
10.1 How the Commission evolved.....................................................................................................................41
10.2 How the Commission is structured.............................................................................................................42
10.3 What the Commission does........................................................................................................................44
10.4 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................46
Chapter 11: The Councils.............................................................................................................................. 47
11.1 How the Councils evolved...........................................................................................................................47
11.2 How the Council of Ministers is structured.................................................................................................47
11.3 What the Council of Ministers does............................................................................................................48
11.4 The European Council.................................................................................................................................50
11.5 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................51
Chapter 12: The European Parliament.......................................................................................................... 52
12.1 How Parliament evolved.............................................................................................................................52
12.2 How Parliament is structed........................................................................................................................52
12.3 What Parliament does................................................................................................................................54
12.4 Overview....................................................................................................................................................57
Chapter 15: Parties and Interest groups........................................................................................................ 58
3
, 15.1 European political groups...........................................................................................................................58
15.2 Interest groups............................................................................................................................................58
15.3 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................59
Chapter 18: Public Policy in the EU............................................................................................................... 60
18.1 Legal basis of policy....................................................................................................................................60
18.2 The policy cycle...........................................................................................................................................60
18.4 The EU budget............................................................................................................................................64
18.5 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................65
Chapter 19: Economic policy........................................................................................................................ 66
19.1 The outlines and limits of economic policy.................................................................................................66
19.2 The single market.......................................................................................................................................67
19.3 Effects of the single market........................................................................................................................68
19.4 The rise of corporate Europe......................................................................................................................68
19.5 Competition policy......................................................................................................................................68
19.6 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................69
Chapter 21: Cohesion Policy......................................................................................................................... 70
21.1 The quest for economic equality................................................................................................................70
21.2 Social policy................................................................................................................................................70
21.3 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................71
Chapter 24: The EU as Global Actor.............................................................................................................. 72
24.1 Understanding the global role of the EU....................................................................................................72
24.2 Foreign policy..............................................................................................................................................73
24.3 Security and defence policy........................................................................................................................74
24.4 Trade policy................................................................................................................................................74
24.5 Overview.....................................................................................................................................................74
Chapter 25: THE EU and the World............................................................................................................... 76
25.1 The EU and the US......................................................................................................................................76
25.2 The EU and development cooperation.......................................................................................................76
25.3 Summary.....................................................................................................................................................76
25.X.....................................................................................................................................................................77
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