ASM 275 EXAM 1 ACTUAL PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Nominal. Answer: discrete and discontinuous data that are
classified according to some qualitative measure that cannot be
placed in a specific order
◉ ordinal. Answer: discrete data that can be ranked, counted, and
ordered, but not measured
◉ interval. Answer: continuous scale data that are ordered,
quantified, and with exact differences between the values (it is
known).
-0 does not mean the absence of the feature being measured, but
instead represents the arbitrary value.
◉ ratio. Answer: ordered, quantified, exact known differences
between values.
-Has absolute value that is meaningful and not arbitrarily
determined. height , weight, head size that can be measured are ratio
scale data.
◉ accuracy. Answer: is closeness of the measurements to a specific
value
, ◉ percision. Answer: is the closeness of the measurements to each
other
◉ intra-observer error. Answer: precision of data recorded by the
same observer
-Humidity, lighting conditions, temperature, observer mood, and
tool failure/ calibration can increase this.
◉ Inter-observer error. Answer: error resulting in the accuracy of
data recorded by different observers
-Observer experience, use of measuring equipment that may be
calibrated differently, use of different measurement definitions, and
training methods can increase this
◉ Metadata. Answer: data that describes other data, doesnt relate
◉ Incisors. Answer: biting teeth in front - 8 total
◉ canine. Answer: next to inscisors - 4 total
◉ premolars. Answer: next to canine - 8 total
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Nominal. Answer: discrete and discontinuous data that are
classified according to some qualitative measure that cannot be
placed in a specific order
◉ ordinal. Answer: discrete data that can be ranked, counted, and
ordered, but not measured
◉ interval. Answer: continuous scale data that are ordered,
quantified, and with exact differences between the values (it is
known).
-0 does not mean the absence of the feature being measured, but
instead represents the arbitrary value.
◉ ratio. Answer: ordered, quantified, exact known differences
between values.
-Has absolute value that is meaningful and not arbitrarily
determined. height , weight, head size that can be measured are ratio
scale data.
◉ accuracy. Answer: is closeness of the measurements to a specific
value
, ◉ percision. Answer: is the closeness of the measurements to each
other
◉ intra-observer error. Answer: precision of data recorded by the
same observer
-Humidity, lighting conditions, temperature, observer mood, and
tool failure/ calibration can increase this.
◉ Inter-observer error. Answer: error resulting in the accuracy of
data recorded by different observers
-Observer experience, use of measuring equipment that may be
calibrated differently, use of different measurement definitions, and
training methods can increase this
◉ Metadata. Answer: data that describes other data, doesnt relate
◉ Incisors. Answer: biting teeth in front - 8 total
◉ canine. Answer: next to inscisors - 4 total
◉ premolars. Answer: next to canine - 8 total
