ARDMS ADULT ECHO 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Atrial Kick happens in _____ diastolic filling - ✔✔late, after P wave
✔✔Austin Flint murmur = - ✔✔AI
✔✔HRT sound associated with MVP - ✔✔systolic click
✔✔HRT sound associated with MS and TS - ✔✔opening snap
✔✔Early diastolic murmurs are due to what - ✔✔AI and/ or PI--- severity of regurg is
often inversely related to the duration of the murmur. With severe regurg Ao diastolic
pressure falls rapidly.
✔✔increased pain with changing positions are taking deep breaths, severe chest
(precordial) pain are signs of what - ✔✔pericarditis
✔✔T/F Females slightly more effected by myxomas compared to males - ✔✔True
✔✔Symp of MVP - ✔✔~~~Palpitations, sharp pain unrelated to exercise
~~~ Fatigue, dypnea
~~~ Dizzy spells
Can cause turbulent flow of blood in the aorta, increase in CO
✔✔In normal (laminar) BF, the velocity of the flow is highest where - ✔✔center stream
✔✔the system control that automatically calibrates for measurements - ✔✔Depth
control
✔✔Increasing gain will ___- specular echoes and ___ artifacts - ✔✔increase, increase
✔✔What is the purpose of TGC's - ✔✔1. suppress near field echoes
2. enhance far field echos
3. compensate for loss of ultrasound energy ( attenuation )
✔✔T/F inspiration can affect SAM - ✔✔False--- neither inspiration or expiration affects
SAM
✔✔T/F valsalva and amyl nitrite can bring out SAM - ✔✔true
✔✔The optimal Doppler angle is ______ degrees or ________degrees - ✔✔0 or 180
✔✔T/F the posterior leaflet of the MV is smaller than the anterior MV leaflet - ✔✔True
, ✔✔MV E-F slope can give indications for which diseases - ✔✔MS, and LV function
✔✔What is the mitral apparatus composed of - ✔✔1. MV leaflets, 2. Chordae tendinae
3. Paps 4. annulus
✔✔On MV M -Mode an increase in the A-C interval suggests what - ✔✔increased
LVEDp and possible poor LV function
✔✔How does lateral resolution affect measurements - ✔✔lateral resolution can make
lateral and medial walls appear wider. Axial resolution has no effect on measurements
✔✔Too high of gain can make orifice appear too _____ - ✔✔small
✔✔Following a commissuretomy of MV a valve orifice can be accurately evaluated
using what technique - ✔✔Doppler by using P1/2t
✔✔Flutter of teh IVS can be seen in _______ - ✔✔AI (not MR)
✔✔M-mode findings of MR - ✔✔1. dilated LV
2. LAE
3. Flutter of the posterior Ao Root
✔✔Myxomatous degeneration= - ✔✔thickening of the MV leaflets (often seen in MVP)
✔✔MAC may obsure - ✔✔1. anterior MV leaflet
2. Posterior MV leaflet
3. Endocardial echos caused by acoustic shawdowing
✔✔How are MR and TR easily differentiated on Doppler - ✔✔1. difference in timing of
the valve opening and closing
2. different location of the jets
3. different direction of the jets
4. different in forward flow velocity curves
✔✔The mormal brief posterior displacement of the IVS with the onset of diastole
(diastolic dip) may be exaggerated in what condition - ✔✔MS------ early diastolic LV
filling is restricted where as the RV fills rapidly. Therefore the septum bulges toward the
LV in early diastole
✔✔What is MV leaflet motion influenced by - ✔✔1. relative pressures in the LA and LV
2. velocity and lood volume of blood flow through the mitral orifice
3. LV diastolic compliance
4. systolic performance of the LV
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Atrial Kick happens in _____ diastolic filling - ✔✔late, after P wave
✔✔Austin Flint murmur = - ✔✔AI
✔✔HRT sound associated with MVP - ✔✔systolic click
✔✔HRT sound associated with MS and TS - ✔✔opening snap
✔✔Early diastolic murmurs are due to what - ✔✔AI and/ or PI--- severity of regurg is
often inversely related to the duration of the murmur. With severe regurg Ao diastolic
pressure falls rapidly.
✔✔increased pain with changing positions are taking deep breaths, severe chest
(precordial) pain are signs of what - ✔✔pericarditis
✔✔T/F Females slightly more effected by myxomas compared to males - ✔✔True
✔✔Symp of MVP - ✔✔~~~Palpitations, sharp pain unrelated to exercise
~~~ Fatigue, dypnea
~~~ Dizzy spells
Can cause turbulent flow of blood in the aorta, increase in CO
✔✔In normal (laminar) BF, the velocity of the flow is highest where - ✔✔center stream
✔✔the system control that automatically calibrates for measurements - ✔✔Depth
control
✔✔Increasing gain will ___- specular echoes and ___ artifacts - ✔✔increase, increase
✔✔What is the purpose of TGC's - ✔✔1. suppress near field echoes
2. enhance far field echos
3. compensate for loss of ultrasound energy ( attenuation )
✔✔T/F inspiration can affect SAM - ✔✔False--- neither inspiration or expiration affects
SAM
✔✔T/F valsalva and amyl nitrite can bring out SAM - ✔✔true
✔✔The optimal Doppler angle is ______ degrees or ________degrees - ✔✔0 or 180
✔✔T/F the posterior leaflet of the MV is smaller than the anterior MV leaflet - ✔✔True
, ✔✔MV E-F slope can give indications for which diseases - ✔✔MS, and LV function
✔✔What is the mitral apparatus composed of - ✔✔1. MV leaflets, 2. Chordae tendinae
3. Paps 4. annulus
✔✔On MV M -Mode an increase in the A-C interval suggests what - ✔✔increased
LVEDp and possible poor LV function
✔✔How does lateral resolution affect measurements - ✔✔lateral resolution can make
lateral and medial walls appear wider. Axial resolution has no effect on measurements
✔✔Too high of gain can make orifice appear too _____ - ✔✔small
✔✔Following a commissuretomy of MV a valve orifice can be accurately evaluated
using what technique - ✔✔Doppler by using P1/2t
✔✔Flutter of teh IVS can be seen in _______ - ✔✔AI (not MR)
✔✔M-mode findings of MR - ✔✔1. dilated LV
2. LAE
3. Flutter of the posterior Ao Root
✔✔Myxomatous degeneration= - ✔✔thickening of the MV leaflets (often seen in MVP)
✔✔MAC may obsure - ✔✔1. anterior MV leaflet
2. Posterior MV leaflet
3. Endocardial echos caused by acoustic shawdowing
✔✔How are MR and TR easily differentiated on Doppler - ✔✔1. difference in timing of
the valve opening and closing
2. different location of the jets
3. different direction of the jets
4. different in forward flow velocity curves
✔✔The mormal brief posterior displacement of the IVS with the onset of diastole
(diastolic dip) may be exaggerated in what condition - ✔✔MS------ early diastolic LV
filling is restricted where as the RV fills rapidly. Therefore the septum bulges toward the
LV in early diastole
✔✔What is MV leaflet motion influenced by - ✔✔1. relative pressures in the LA and LV
2. velocity and lood volume of blood flow through the mitral orifice
3. LV diastolic compliance
4. systolic performance of the LV
