CON 367 FINAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉VE during design phase . Answer: some public sector laws and
regulations require formal value analysis during design
◉VE during construction phase . Answer: contractor performs VE and
suggests changes that will increase value to the project
◉Results in a Value Engineering Change Proposal ( VECP) . Answer:
The contractor submits to the owner and if the owner accepts the
contractor splits the cost savings
◉Causes of changes . Answer: Changes in project design, differing site
conditions, impact of work by other contractors, acceleration request by
owner
◉Types of Changes . Answer: Directed and Constructive
◉Directed change . Answer: the owner directs the contractor to
perform work that is different than specified in the original contract ; can
be a disagreement over the price/ time of changes
, ◉Constructive change . Answer: result of an action or lack of action of
the owner or its agent that can be construed as a change even though the
owner did not issue a formal change
◉3 elements should be satisfied to establish a constructive change .
Answer: Change, order, notice
◉Five broad categories of constructive changes . Answer:
Disagreements over contract requirements, defective specifications,
acceleration, undisclosed information, owner non-cooperation
◉change clause . Answer: contractor is obliged to perform requested
changes and owner is obliged to make equitable adjustments to the
contract price and time
◉bilateral change order . Answer: agreement executed by the owner
and the contractor detailing the change and the equitable adjustmen
◉unilateral change order . Answer: directive executed by the owner to
authorize the contractor to perform the changed work. Price and time
extension for change have yet to be determined
◉forward pricing . Answer: the cost of performing the changed work is
determined before the work is performed ; contractor is paid fixed
amount even if unanticipated costs arise
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉VE during design phase . Answer: some public sector laws and
regulations require formal value analysis during design
◉VE during construction phase . Answer: contractor performs VE and
suggests changes that will increase value to the project
◉Results in a Value Engineering Change Proposal ( VECP) . Answer:
The contractor submits to the owner and if the owner accepts the
contractor splits the cost savings
◉Causes of changes . Answer: Changes in project design, differing site
conditions, impact of work by other contractors, acceleration request by
owner
◉Types of Changes . Answer: Directed and Constructive
◉Directed change . Answer: the owner directs the contractor to
perform work that is different than specified in the original contract ; can
be a disagreement over the price/ time of changes
, ◉Constructive change . Answer: result of an action or lack of action of
the owner or its agent that can be construed as a change even though the
owner did not issue a formal change
◉3 elements should be satisfied to establish a constructive change .
Answer: Change, order, notice
◉Five broad categories of constructive changes . Answer:
Disagreements over contract requirements, defective specifications,
acceleration, undisclosed information, owner non-cooperation
◉change clause . Answer: contractor is obliged to perform requested
changes and owner is obliged to make equitable adjustments to the
contract price and time
◉bilateral change order . Answer: agreement executed by the owner
and the contractor detailing the change and the equitable adjustmen
◉unilateral change order . Answer: directive executed by the owner to
authorize the contractor to perform the changed work. Price and time
extension for change have yet to be determined
◉forward pricing . Answer: the cost of performing the changed work is
determined before the work is performed ; contractor is paid fixed
amount even if unanticipated costs arise
