ELSEVIER ADAPTIVE 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Who supervises unlicensed nursing personnel (UNPs) in providing care to the
client?
a. Charge nurse
b. Nurse manager
c. Registered nurse
d. Patient care associate - ✔✔c. Registered nurse
*The registered nurse (RN) supervises UNPs and also licensed practical nurses (LPNs)
in providing care to the client. *The charge nurse and the nurse manager may supervise
RNs. The charge nurse delegates the tasks to the LPN and UNP when the RN does not
delegate. The nursing manager is in charge of the RN, LPN, and UPN. The patient care
associate does not supervise the UNPs and is delegated tasks by an RN.
✔✔Which healthcare professional would the nurse know is held accountable for the
tasks performed by the patient care associate (PCA)?
a. Registered nurse (RN)
b. Licensed vocational nurse (LVN)
c. Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)
d. Unlicensed nursing practitioner (UNP) - ✔✔a. Registered nurse (RN)
*The delegator is held accountable for tasks performed by the delegatee. In this
situation, the delegator is the RN; therefore, the RN is held accountable for the tasks
performed by the PCAs.* The RN is also accountable for delegation to LVNs, UAPs,
and UNPs as delegatees.
✔✔Which delegation actions may be performed by unlicensed nursing personnel while
caring for a client? Select all that apply.
a. Teaching the care plan to the client
b. Infusing intravenous fluids into the client
c. Asking the client to wash the hands before meals
d. Instructing the client to take specific medications
e. Instructing the client to wear footwear while walking - ✔✔c. Asking the client to wash
the hands before meals
e. Instructing the client to wear footwear while walking
*Unlicensed nursing personnel (UNP) can delegate simple and straightforward client
teaching, such as asking the client to wash his or her hands before meals and wear
footwear while walking.* Complex and multifaceted teaching, such as detailing the care
plan to the client, cannot be delegated to a UNP. The UNP has less knowledge and
professional skills with which to perform complex procedures such as infusing
intravenous fluids into the client and does not have a complete knowledge of
medications with which to coach the client about medications.
,✔✔A nurse manager transfers the task of caring for a client who has undergone
appendectomy to a registered nurse (RN). Which element of the healthcare system is
the RN practicing?
a. Delegation
b. Leadership
c. Supervision
d. Assignment - ✔✔d. Assignment
*Both accountability and responsibility are transferred from one person to the other in
assignment.* When a nurse manager delegates the task of client care to an RN,
responsibility is transferred to the RN. The nurse manager shares accountability with
the RN in delegation. The nurse manager, as leader, manages the healthcare team and
delegates tasks to members of the healthcare team. In supervision, the nurse manager
oversees the RN in completing the task.
✔✔The registered nurse is organizing a community health care program for
administering tetanus vaccinations. Which member of the health care team is most
suitable for being delegated the task of administering vaccinations?
a. Nursing aide
b. Certified technician
c. Patient care associate
d. Licensed practical nurse - ✔✔d. Licensed practical nurse
*Tetanus vaccination is administered through the intramuscular route. The licensed
practical nurse can administer oral, topical, and intramuscular medications, except for
intravenous. *The nursing aide, certified technician, and patient care associate are
unlicensed assistive personnel whose scope of practice is limited for administering
medications.
✔✔What are the three strategies that the nurse can perform while assisting other
nurses in making delegation decisions? Select all that apply.
a. Doing
b. Telling
c. Asking
d. Offering
e. Participating - ✔✔a. Doing
c. Asking
d. Offering
*The nurse can assist other registered nurses with delegation decisions by using three
strategies: asking, offering, and doing.* Telling and participating are the strategies used
by the nurse to communicate with the delegatee.
✔✔Which action of the nurse leader indicates implementing Gardner's task of
"explaining"?
,a. Assisting clients and families in formulating their vision of future well-being
b. Providing self-care to enhance the ability to care for staff, clients, and their families
c. Teaching and interpreting the information to ensure clients' functioning and well-being
d. Assisting clients in sorting out and articulating personal values in relation to health
problems - ✔✔c. Teaching and interpreting the information to ensure clients' functioning
and well-being
*The nurse leader implements Gardner's task of " explaining" by teaching and
interpreting the information that ensures clients' functioning and well-being. *The nurse
leader implements Gardner's task of "envisioning goals" by assisting clients and their
families in formulating their vision of future well-being. The nurse leader implements
Gardner's task of "renewing" by providing self-care to enhance the ability to care for
staff, clients, and their families. The nurse leader implements Gardner's task of
"affirming values" by assisting clients and their families as they sort out and articulate
personal values in relation to health problems.
✔✔Which statement does the nurse recognize as true according to chaos theory?
a. Health-care organizations must be self-organizing.
b. Health-care organizations must accept that change is avoidable.
c. Successful managers are those who are intolerant to ambiguity.
d. Successful nurse leaders are those who committed to short-term learning. - ✔✔a.
Health-care organizations must be self-organizing.
*According to the proponents of chaos theory, organizations must be self-organizing
and adapt readily to change in order to survive.* Health-care organizations accept that
change is unavoidable and unrelenting. Using creativity and flexibility, successful
managers will be those who can tolerate ambiguity, take risks and experiment with new
ideas. Successful nurse leaders will be those individuals who are committed to lifelong
learning and problem solving.
✔✔How should nurses provide effective nursing care to clients from different cultural
backgrounds?
a. By advising clients that some cultural practices may be harmful to health
b. By providing care that fits the clients' cultural beliefs
c. By strictly adhering to organization policies regarding nursing care
d. By ignoring the cultural aspect and focusing on the medical aspect of care - ✔✔b. By
providing care that fits the clients' cultural beliefs
*When providing care to clients from different cultural backgrounds, nurses should be
careful to provide care that fits the client's cultural beliefs. It helps provide effective
nursing care to the satisfaction of the client.* Advising clients against their cultural
practices may offend them and should be avoided. Organization policies should be
made flexible to incorporate cultural aspects of care. Ignoring the cultural aspect of
client care may result in ineffective nursing care.
✔✔How does a nurse leader effectively implement change in an organization?
, a. By avoiding using managerial skills
b. By using personal and professional skills
c. By avoiding giving timely feedback to team members
d. By removing the ineffective team members from the group - ✔✔b. By using personal
and professional skills
*A nurse leader should use both personal and professional skills to ensure effective
implementation of a change in an organization.* A nurse leader should also use
managerial skills, not avoid them, to ensure effective implementation of a change in an
organization. A nurse leader should give regular and timely feedback to the team
members to implement change effectively. A nurse leader should motivate the team
members to work effectively rather than removing them from the team.
✔✔What qualities does the professional nurse require to lead, manage, and follow in a
team? Select all that apply.
a. Being insensitive
b. Impeding relationships
c. Exercising self-awareness
d. Motivating self and others
e. Managing emotions in self and others - ✔✔c. Exercising self-awareness
d. Motivating self and others
e. Managing emotions in self and others
*Managing emotions, such as fear, anxiety, and anger, and responding to those feelings
in a healthy manner, as well as avoiding passive-aggressive behavior, are traits that the
nurse should have to manage a team. The nurse should have the desire to deepen self-
awareness and encourage others to do the same to follow in a team. Motivating or
inspiring self and others towards a goal is another quality that the nurse should have to
lead a team. *The nurse should be empathetic and able to reveal others' perspective in
a situation. Fostering and handling relationships is another one of the abilities the nurse
should have when leading and managing a team.
✔✔Which model of nursing is focused on the task-oriented approach to client care?
a. Team model
b. Primary model
c. Functional model
d. Case management model - ✔✔c. Functional model
*The functional model of nursing is a method of providing client care by which each
licensed and unlicensed staff member performs specific tasks for a large group of
clients.* Team nursing is a small group of licensed and unlicensed personnel, with a
team leader, responsible for providing client care to a group of clients. Primary nursing
is a model of client care delivery whereby one registered nurse functions autonomously
as the client's main nurse throughout the entire hospital stay. Case management is a
model of delivering client care based on client outcomes and cost containment.
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Who supervises unlicensed nursing personnel (UNPs) in providing care to the
client?
a. Charge nurse
b. Nurse manager
c. Registered nurse
d. Patient care associate - ✔✔c. Registered nurse
*The registered nurse (RN) supervises UNPs and also licensed practical nurses (LPNs)
in providing care to the client. *The charge nurse and the nurse manager may supervise
RNs. The charge nurse delegates the tasks to the LPN and UNP when the RN does not
delegate. The nursing manager is in charge of the RN, LPN, and UPN. The patient care
associate does not supervise the UNPs and is delegated tasks by an RN.
✔✔Which healthcare professional would the nurse know is held accountable for the
tasks performed by the patient care associate (PCA)?
a. Registered nurse (RN)
b. Licensed vocational nurse (LVN)
c. Unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)
d. Unlicensed nursing practitioner (UNP) - ✔✔a. Registered nurse (RN)
*The delegator is held accountable for tasks performed by the delegatee. In this
situation, the delegator is the RN; therefore, the RN is held accountable for the tasks
performed by the PCAs.* The RN is also accountable for delegation to LVNs, UAPs,
and UNPs as delegatees.
✔✔Which delegation actions may be performed by unlicensed nursing personnel while
caring for a client? Select all that apply.
a. Teaching the care plan to the client
b. Infusing intravenous fluids into the client
c. Asking the client to wash the hands before meals
d. Instructing the client to take specific medications
e. Instructing the client to wear footwear while walking - ✔✔c. Asking the client to wash
the hands before meals
e. Instructing the client to wear footwear while walking
*Unlicensed nursing personnel (UNP) can delegate simple and straightforward client
teaching, such as asking the client to wash his or her hands before meals and wear
footwear while walking.* Complex and multifaceted teaching, such as detailing the care
plan to the client, cannot be delegated to a UNP. The UNP has less knowledge and
professional skills with which to perform complex procedures such as infusing
intravenous fluids into the client and does not have a complete knowledge of
medications with which to coach the client about medications.
,✔✔A nurse manager transfers the task of caring for a client who has undergone
appendectomy to a registered nurse (RN). Which element of the healthcare system is
the RN practicing?
a. Delegation
b. Leadership
c. Supervision
d. Assignment - ✔✔d. Assignment
*Both accountability and responsibility are transferred from one person to the other in
assignment.* When a nurse manager delegates the task of client care to an RN,
responsibility is transferred to the RN. The nurse manager shares accountability with
the RN in delegation. The nurse manager, as leader, manages the healthcare team and
delegates tasks to members of the healthcare team. In supervision, the nurse manager
oversees the RN in completing the task.
✔✔The registered nurse is organizing a community health care program for
administering tetanus vaccinations. Which member of the health care team is most
suitable for being delegated the task of administering vaccinations?
a. Nursing aide
b. Certified technician
c. Patient care associate
d. Licensed practical nurse - ✔✔d. Licensed practical nurse
*Tetanus vaccination is administered through the intramuscular route. The licensed
practical nurse can administer oral, topical, and intramuscular medications, except for
intravenous. *The nursing aide, certified technician, and patient care associate are
unlicensed assistive personnel whose scope of practice is limited for administering
medications.
✔✔What are the three strategies that the nurse can perform while assisting other
nurses in making delegation decisions? Select all that apply.
a. Doing
b. Telling
c. Asking
d. Offering
e. Participating - ✔✔a. Doing
c. Asking
d. Offering
*The nurse can assist other registered nurses with delegation decisions by using three
strategies: asking, offering, and doing.* Telling and participating are the strategies used
by the nurse to communicate with the delegatee.
✔✔Which action of the nurse leader indicates implementing Gardner's task of
"explaining"?
,a. Assisting clients and families in formulating their vision of future well-being
b. Providing self-care to enhance the ability to care for staff, clients, and their families
c. Teaching and interpreting the information to ensure clients' functioning and well-being
d. Assisting clients in sorting out and articulating personal values in relation to health
problems - ✔✔c. Teaching and interpreting the information to ensure clients' functioning
and well-being
*The nurse leader implements Gardner's task of " explaining" by teaching and
interpreting the information that ensures clients' functioning and well-being. *The nurse
leader implements Gardner's task of "envisioning goals" by assisting clients and their
families in formulating their vision of future well-being. The nurse leader implements
Gardner's task of "renewing" by providing self-care to enhance the ability to care for
staff, clients, and their families. The nurse leader implements Gardner's task of
"affirming values" by assisting clients and their families as they sort out and articulate
personal values in relation to health problems.
✔✔Which statement does the nurse recognize as true according to chaos theory?
a. Health-care organizations must be self-organizing.
b. Health-care organizations must accept that change is avoidable.
c. Successful managers are those who are intolerant to ambiguity.
d. Successful nurse leaders are those who committed to short-term learning. - ✔✔a.
Health-care organizations must be self-organizing.
*According to the proponents of chaos theory, organizations must be self-organizing
and adapt readily to change in order to survive.* Health-care organizations accept that
change is unavoidable and unrelenting. Using creativity and flexibility, successful
managers will be those who can tolerate ambiguity, take risks and experiment with new
ideas. Successful nurse leaders will be those individuals who are committed to lifelong
learning and problem solving.
✔✔How should nurses provide effective nursing care to clients from different cultural
backgrounds?
a. By advising clients that some cultural practices may be harmful to health
b. By providing care that fits the clients' cultural beliefs
c. By strictly adhering to organization policies regarding nursing care
d. By ignoring the cultural aspect and focusing on the medical aspect of care - ✔✔b. By
providing care that fits the clients' cultural beliefs
*When providing care to clients from different cultural backgrounds, nurses should be
careful to provide care that fits the client's cultural beliefs. It helps provide effective
nursing care to the satisfaction of the client.* Advising clients against their cultural
practices may offend them and should be avoided. Organization policies should be
made flexible to incorporate cultural aspects of care. Ignoring the cultural aspect of
client care may result in ineffective nursing care.
✔✔How does a nurse leader effectively implement change in an organization?
, a. By avoiding using managerial skills
b. By using personal and professional skills
c. By avoiding giving timely feedback to team members
d. By removing the ineffective team members from the group - ✔✔b. By using personal
and professional skills
*A nurse leader should use both personal and professional skills to ensure effective
implementation of a change in an organization.* A nurse leader should also use
managerial skills, not avoid them, to ensure effective implementation of a change in an
organization. A nurse leader should give regular and timely feedback to the team
members to implement change effectively. A nurse leader should motivate the team
members to work effectively rather than removing them from the team.
✔✔What qualities does the professional nurse require to lead, manage, and follow in a
team? Select all that apply.
a. Being insensitive
b. Impeding relationships
c. Exercising self-awareness
d. Motivating self and others
e. Managing emotions in self and others - ✔✔c. Exercising self-awareness
d. Motivating self and others
e. Managing emotions in self and others
*Managing emotions, such as fear, anxiety, and anger, and responding to those feelings
in a healthy manner, as well as avoiding passive-aggressive behavior, are traits that the
nurse should have to manage a team. The nurse should have the desire to deepen self-
awareness and encourage others to do the same to follow in a team. Motivating or
inspiring self and others towards a goal is another quality that the nurse should have to
lead a team. *The nurse should be empathetic and able to reveal others' perspective in
a situation. Fostering and handling relationships is another one of the abilities the nurse
should have when leading and managing a team.
✔✔Which model of nursing is focused on the task-oriented approach to client care?
a. Team model
b. Primary model
c. Functional model
d. Case management model - ✔✔c. Functional model
*The functional model of nursing is a method of providing client care by which each
licensed and unlicensed staff member performs specific tasks for a large group of
clients.* Team nursing is a small group of licensed and unlicensed personnel, with a
team leader, responsible for providing client care to a group of clients. Primary nursing
is a model of client care delivery whereby one registered nurse functions autonomously
as the client's main nurse throughout the entire hospital stay. Case management is a
model of delivering client care based on client outcomes and cost containment.
