,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
MULTIPLE CHOICE dt
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of
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a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D dt
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 week
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
s to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular channel
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
s, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passages.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gestation,
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, ending
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place from wee
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become alveoli. D
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
uring the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
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exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar sta
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ge is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is re
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
presented by the establishment of alveoli. dt dt dt dt dt
REF: pp. 3-5 dt d t
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will be
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
present in the lungs for life develop? dt dt dt dt dt dt
a. 6 months dt
b. 1 year dt
c. 1.5 years dt
d. 2 years dt
ANS: C dt
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life. At
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years of age,
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt d
males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli contin
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ue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 dt dt
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal st
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
enosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A dt
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in deve
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
lopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis. Pul
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
monary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnormally low
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during the pse
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
udoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, along with in
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
sufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constel
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
lation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
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REF: p. 6 d t d t dt
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between ol
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igohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? dt dt dt
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism dt dt
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall dt dt dt dt dt
III. Interference with fetal breathing dt dt dt
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid dt dt dt dt dt
a. I and III only
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b. II and III only
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c. I, II, and IV only
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d. II, III, and IV only
dt dt dt dt
ANS: D dt
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, w dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ith or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by which a
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
mniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduced q
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
uantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observations p
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ossibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
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REF: pp. 6-7 dt dt
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension
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c. To maintain lung elasticity
dt dt dt
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Table of Contents
dt dt
Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
dt dt dt
Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
dt dt dt
Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 13. Airway Management
dt dt dt
Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 20. Pharmacology
dt dt
Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
dt dt dt dt
Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 27. Asthma
dt dt
Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
dt dt dt
Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 30. Shock
dt dt
Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
dt dt dt
Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
dt dt dt
Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
dt dt dt dt
,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
dt dt dt dt
Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
MULTIPLE CHOICE dt
1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
a capillary network around airway passages?
dt dt dt dt dt
a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D dt
The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 week
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
s to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular channel
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
s, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passages.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gestation,
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, ending
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place from wee
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become alveoli. D
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
uring the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar sta
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ge is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is re
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
presented by the establishment of alveoli. dt dt dt dt dt
REF: pp. 3-5 dt d t
2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will be
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
present in the lungs for life develop? dt dt dt dt dt dt
a. 6 months dt
b. 1 year dt
c. 1.5 years dt
d. 2 years dt
ANS: C dt
Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life. At
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years of age,
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt d
males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli contin
t dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
REF: p. 6 dt dt
3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal st
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
enosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A dt
The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in deve
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
lopment during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis. Pul
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
monary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized byan abnormally low
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during the pse
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
udoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, along with in
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
sufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constel
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
lation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
REF: p. 6 d t d t dt
4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between ol
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
igohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? dt dt dt
I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism dt dt
II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall dt dt dt dt dt
III. Interference with fetal breathing dt dt dt
IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid dt dt dt dt dt
a. I and III only
dt dt dt
b. II and III only
dt dt dt
c. I, II, and IV only
dt dt dt dt
d. II, III, and IV only
dt dt dt dt
ANS: D dt
Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time, w dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ith or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by which a
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
mniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for reduced q
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
uantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall, interference with fetal
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and experimental observations p
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
ossibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a major growth stimulant.
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
REF: pp. 6-7 dt dt
5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
dt dt dt dt dt dt
b. To reduce surface tension
dt dt dt
c. To maintain lung elasticity
dt dt dt
d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
