ESL 154 EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE!!
Phonology - ANSWER the study of speech sounds in language; how sounds are
organized and used in natural languages
Morphology - ANSWER Units of meaning involved in word formation
Syntax - ANSWER Rules for combining words into grammatically sensible
sentences
Semantics - ANSWER Set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes,
words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
Pragmatics - ANSWER Appropriate use of language in different contexts; social
use of language
What are two examples of critical components for the second language learner? -
ANSWER Oral language development and phonological/phonemic awareness
ELLs need ____________________ of L2 before they can make connections
between letter and sound. - ANSWER Phonology
___________________ awareness instruction focuses on the sounds in spoken
language. It is auditory and does not involve print. - ANSWER Phonological
Target Sound - ANSWER Sound to be transcribed
An English language learner is experiencing difficulty with an aspect of English
phonology. In order to address a difficulty in this area, the student's teacher
should initially focus instruction on what? - ANSWER The associated target
sound
Phoneme - ANSWER The smallest distinctive sound unit
What are some best practices strategies to promote literacy development for
ELLs? - ANSWER Teach phonics in context
Use hands on activities to help teach letter-sound relationships
Have students write for sound
Help students make a connection between their L1 and English.
The approach of teachers making students see them writing down their exact
words to reinforce their understanding of the relationship between written and
,oral language trains students to...? - ANSWER Write for sound - they learn to
represent words phonetically in their writing
Content Based Instruction + 3 Models - ANSWER CBI: requires students to
practice language skills in a highly integrated, communicative way while learning
content
3 Models:
1) theme-based - language skills are integrated in the study of themes or broad
topics
2) adjunct - language and content courses are taught separately but closely
coordinated
3) sheltered - English is simplified to ELL's level of proficiency while teaching
content
Why is combining sentences to make complex sentences an important exercise
to help ESL students advance in their writing abilities? - ANSWER Most of the
sentences used in writing or in continuous speech are complex.
Literal comprehension - ANSWER Understanding of the basic facts that the
student has read; grasping and interpreting text
Inferential comprehension - ANSWER Understanding of information that isn't
explicitly given, but rather implied in a written passage. (make predictions); make
inferences
What are sentence stems and why are they used? - ANSWER Sentence starters
followed by blank lines.
Provide scaffolding to help students get started in speaking or writing without the
added pressure of thinking about how to correctly formulate a response.
Academic language and sentence structure is difficult for ELLs. Stems help with
proper sentence structure. They help build an understanding of syntactic
structure
Decoding - ANSWER Reader's ability to use knowledge of the relationships
between letters in print and the speech sounds they represent in order to identify
an unfamiliar word.
Word roots - ANSWER Main words or parts to which prefixes and suffixes can be
added
Affixes - ANSWER Parts added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root
word to create new words.
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWER Understanding that letters and letter patterns
represent the sounds of spoken words.
, Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER Being able to identify speech sounds
Example: student able to tell the difference between /b/ and /t/.
NOT related to the printed symbols representing those sounds
Structural Analysis - ANSWER Breaking a word down by isolating its prefixes and
suffixes to better identify the word
Phonics - ANSWER Matching the sound of letters to the printed symbols for
those letters.
Example: student sees the letter /t/ and knows the sound that letter makes;
Non-Tonal Languages - ANSWER Tone, not grammar, is used to distinguish
words which would otherwise be homonyms. Pitch is used to distinguish word
meaning
Graphophonemic Knowledge - ANSWER Recognition of letters and the
understanding of sound-symbol relationships and spelling patterns; often
referred to as phonics
Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) - ANSWER Join grammatically similar
elements (2 nouns, 2 verbs, 2 modifiers, 2 independent clauses); for, and, nor,
but, or, yet, so;
Infinitive phrase - ANSWER Phrases that begin with an infinitive. (to + simple form
of the verb)
Subordinate clause - ANSWER Subject + Verb - cannot stand alone as a sentence
because it does not provide a complete thought.
Independent clause - ANSWER Expresses a complete thought and can stand
alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb.
One of the most obvious types of ______________ cue ____________ by Spanish
speakers acquiring English as a second language is in the use of prepositions. It
is easy for them to mix up the use of corresponding English preposition because
they are not differentiated in Spanish - ANSWER Forward cue transfer
What is another name for prepositions? - ANSWER Satellites
Forward transfer - ANSWER The individual may apply knowledge from their
native language (L1) in the acquisition of their second language
English is a language of __________ irregularities (frequency with which the
same symbols are used to represent different sounds) - ANSWER Phonetic
VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE!!
Phonology - ANSWER the study of speech sounds in language; how sounds are
organized and used in natural languages
Morphology - ANSWER Units of meaning involved in word formation
Syntax - ANSWER Rules for combining words into grammatically sensible
sentences
Semantics - ANSWER Set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes,
words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
Pragmatics - ANSWER Appropriate use of language in different contexts; social
use of language
What are two examples of critical components for the second language learner? -
ANSWER Oral language development and phonological/phonemic awareness
ELLs need ____________________ of L2 before they can make connections
between letter and sound. - ANSWER Phonology
___________________ awareness instruction focuses on the sounds in spoken
language. It is auditory and does not involve print. - ANSWER Phonological
Target Sound - ANSWER Sound to be transcribed
An English language learner is experiencing difficulty with an aspect of English
phonology. In order to address a difficulty in this area, the student's teacher
should initially focus instruction on what? - ANSWER The associated target
sound
Phoneme - ANSWER The smallest distinctive sound unit
What are some best practices strategies to promote literacy development for
ELLs? - ANSWER Teach phonics in context
Use hands on activities to help teach letter-sound relationships
Have students write for sound
Help students make a connection between their L1 and English.
The approach of teachers making students see them writing down their exact
words to reinforce their understanding of the relationship between written and
,oral language trains students to...? - ANSWER Write for sound - they learn to
represent words phonetically in their writing
Content Based Instruction + 3 Models - ANSWER CBI: requires students to
practice language skills in a highly integrated, communicative way while learning
content
3 Models:
1) theme-based - language skills are integrated in the study of themes or broad
topics
2) adjunct - language and content courses are taught separately but closely
coordinated
3) sheltered - English is simplified to ELL's level of proficiency while teaching
content
Why is combining sentences to make complex sentences an important exercise
to help ESL students advance in their writing abilities? - ANSWER Most of the
sentences used in writing or in continuous speech are complex.
Literal comprehension - ANSWER Understanding of the basic facts that the
student has read; grasping and interpreting text
Inferential comprehension - ANSWER Understanding of information that isn't
explicitly given, but rather implied in a written passage. (make predictions); make
inferences
What are sentence stems and why are they used? - ANSWER Sentence starters
followed by blank lines.
Provide scaffolding to help students get started in speaking or writing without the
added pressure of thinking about how to correctly formulate a response.
Academic language and sentence structure is difficult for ELLs. Stems help with
proper sentence structure. They help build an understanding of syntactic
structure
Decoding - ANSWER Reader's ability to use knowledge of the relationships
between letters in print and the speech sounds they represent in order to identify
an unfamiliar word.
Word roots - ANSWER Main words or parts to which prefixes and suffixes can be
added
Affixes - ANSWER Parts added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a root
word to create new words.
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWER Understanding that letters and letter patterns
represent the sounds of spoken words.
, Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER Being able to identify speech sounds
Example: student able to tell the difference between /b/ and /t/.
NOT related to the printed symbols representing those sounds
Structural Analysis - ANSWER Breaking a word down by isolating its prefixes and
suffixes to better identify the word
Phonics - ANSWER Matching the sound of letters to the printed symbols for
those letters.
Example: student sees the letter /t/ and knows the sound that letter makes;
Non-Tonal Languages - ANSWER Tone, not grammar, is used to distinguish
words which would otherwise be homonyms. Pitch is used to distinguish word
meaning
Graphophonemic Knowledge - ANSWER Recognition of letters and the
understanding of sound-symbol relationships and spelling patterns; often
referred to as phonics
Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS) - ANSWER Join grammatically similar
elements (2 nouns, 2 verbs, 2 modifiers, 2 independent clauses); for, and, nor,
but, or, yet, so;
Infinitive phrase - ANSWER Phrases that begin with an infinitive. (to + simple form
of the verb)
Subordinate clause - ANSWER Subject + Verb - cannot stand alone as a sentence
because it does not provide a complete thought.
Independent clause - ANSWER Expresses a complete thought and can stand
alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb.
One of the most obvious types of ______________ cue ____________ by Spanish
speakers acquiring English as a second language is in the use of prepositions. It
is easy for them to mix up the use of corresponding English preposition because
they are not differentiated in Spanish - ANSWER Forward cue transfer
What is another name for prepositions? - ANSWER Satellites
Forward transfer - ANSWER The individual may apply knowledge from their
native language (L1) in the acquisition of their second language
English is a language of __________ irregularities (frequency with which the
same symbols are used to represent different sounds) - ANSWER Phonetic
