LINGUISTICS 210 EXAM CHAPTERS 1-3 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE!!
A linguist's definition of Grammar - ANSWER rules a speaker unconsciously
abides by to form sound and convey meaning. phonetics, semantics, phonology,
syntax, morphology
Systematic Creativity - ANSWER the capacity of human language to generate an
infinite number of novel sentences and meanings, by following an underlying
system of rules, aka grammar. Uses logic and creativity.
Linguistic Competence - ANSWER the unconscious, internalized knowledge of a
language's grammar, vocabulary, and rules that allows a person to understand
and generate an infinite number of novel, grammatical sentences
Prescriptive - ANSWER sets rules for how a language should be used, focusing
on "correct" grammar, spelling, and usage
Descriptive - ANSWER objectively studies and records how a language is actually
used by its native speakers, acknowledging regional variations and informal
speech without judgment
Phonetics - ANSWER the study of speech sounds and their physiological
production and acoustic qualities
Articulatory Phonetics - ANSWER understands physiological mechanisms of
speech production
Acoustic Phonetics - ANSWER analyzing physical properties of the sound waves
we produce
Auditory Phonetics - ANSWER How listeners receive and perceive speech sounds
Phones - ANSWER any distinct speech sound
Parts of the vocal tract - ANSWER lips, lips and teeth, alveolar ridge, alveopalatal
region, hard palate, velum (soft palate), uvula, pharynx, larynx, glottis
voicing - ANSWER The vibration of the vocal cords, or lack of, when speaking a
sound
, place of articulation - ANSWER Where, in the vocal tract, a sound is
physiologically made
bilabial - ANSWER Lips
labiodental - ANSWER Lips and teeth
interdental - ANSWER tip of tongue placed between the upper and lower front
teeth
alveolar - ANSWER alveolar ridge - behind the teeth on roof of mouth
alveo-palatal - ANSWER raise blade of tongue towards hard palate and alveolar
ridge at the same time
palatal - ANSWER raising body of tongue towards or against the hard palate (firm
roof of the mouth)
velar - ANSWER raise back of tongue to the velum (soft palate) to modify or
obstruct the airflow
glottal - ANSWER sound at the glottis, space between the vocal cords - primarily
through closure, construction, or open passage of airflow
manner of articulation - ANSWER The airflow - obstruction, manipulation, closure,
or constriction of airflow when making sounds
stops/plosives - ANSWER Consonants made by completely obstructing the
airflow in the vocal tract, then releasing it with a puff of air.
affricates - ANSWER complex consonant sound that starts with a stop, then
gradually releases into a fricative, all at the same place of articulation
fricatives - ANSWER Consonant sounds made by partially obstructing airflow
through a narrow channel in the vocal tract, creating audible friction or
turbulence
nasals - ANSWER consonant sounds produced when air is allowed to escape
through the nasal cavity due to a lowered velum
liquids - ANSWER consonants characterized by a unique tongue placement that
creates a partial closure, allowing air to flow around the tongue's sides or over
the back of the tongue (lateral and retroflex)
glides - ANSWER unlike normal consonants, no complete or partial airstream
blockage. Immediately proceeds to a vowel or diphthong within a syllable. less
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE!!
A linguist's definition of Grammar - ANSWER rules a speaker unconsciously
abides by to form sound and convey meaning. phonetics, semantics, phonology,
syntax, morphology
Systematic Creativity - ANSWER the capacity of human language to generate an
infinite number of novel sentences and meanings, by following an underlying
system of rules, aka grammar. Uses logic and creativity.
Linguistic Competence - ANSWER the unconscious, internalized knowledge of a
language's grammar, vocabulary, and rules that allows a person to understand
and generate an infinite number of novel, grammatical sentences
Prescriptive - ANSWER sets rules for how a language should be used, focusing
on "correct" grammar, spelling, and usage
Descriptive - ANSWER objectively studies and records how a language is actually
used by its native speakers, acknowledging regional variations and informal
speech without judgment
Phonetics - ANSWER the study of speech sounds and their physiological
production and acoustic qualities
Articulatory Phonetics - ANSWER understands physiological mechanisms of
speech production
Acoustic Phonetics - ANSWER analyzing physical properties of the sound waves
we produce
Auditory Phonetics - ANSWER How listeners receive and perceive speech sounds
Phones - ANSWER any distinct speech sound
Parts of the vocal tract - ANSWER lips, lips and teeth, alveolar ridge, alveopalatal
region, hard palate, velum (soft palate), uvula, pharynx, larynx, glottis
voicing - ANSWER The vibration of the vocal cords, or lack of, when speaking a
sound
, place of articulation - ANSWER Where, in the vocal tract, a sound is
physiologically made
bilabial - ANSWER Lips
labiodental - ANSWER Lips and teeth
interdental - ANSWER tip of tongue placed between the upper and lower front
teeth
alveolar - ANSWER alveolar ridge - behind the teeth on roof of mouth
alveo-palatal - ANSWER raise blade of tongue towards hard palate and alveolar
ridge at the same time
palatal - ANSWER raising body of tongue towards or against the hard palate (firm
roof of the mouth)
velar - ANSWER raise back of tongue to the velum (soft palate) to modify or
obstruct the airflow
glottal - ANSWER sound at the glottis, space between the vocal cords - primarily
through closure, construction, or open passage of airflow
manner of articulation - ANSWER The airflow - obstruction, manipulation, closure,
or constriction of airflow when making sounds
stops/plosives - ANSWER Consonants made by completely obstructing the
airflow in the vocal tract, then releasing it with a puff of air.
affricates - ANSWER complex consonant sound that starts with a stop, then
gradually releases into a fricative, all at the same place of articulation
fricatives - ANSWER Consonant sounds made by partially obstructing airflow
through a narrow channel in the vocal tract, creating audible friction or
turbulence
nasals - ANSWER consonant sounds produced when air is allowed to escape
through the nasal cavity due to a lowered velum
liquids - ANSWER consonants characterized by a unique tongue placement that
creates a partial closure, allowing air to flow around the tongue's sides or over
the back of the tongue (lateral and retroflex)
glides - ANSWER unlike normal consonants, no complete or partial airstream
blockage. Immediately proceeds to a vowel or diphthong within a syllable. less
