WGU D431 OA COMPUTER FORENSICS
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS
⫸ Parkerian hexad Answer: Where the CIA triad consists of
confidentiality, integrity, and availability, the Parkerian hexad consists
of these three principles, as well as possession or control, authenticity,
and utility
⫸ Confidentiality Answer: Refers to our ability to protect our data from
those who are not authorized to view it.
Confidentiality can be compromised by the loss of a laptop containing
data, a person looking over our shoulder while we type a password, an e-
mail attachment being sent to the wrong person, an attacker penetrating
our systems, or similar issues.
⫸ Integrity Answer: Refers to the ability to prevent our data from being
changed in an unauthorized or undesirable manner. This could mean the
unauthorized change or deletion of our data or portions of our data, or it
could mean an authorized, but undesirable, change or deletion of our
data. To maintain integrity, we not only need to have the means to
prevent unauthorized changes to our data but also need the ability to
reverse authorized changes that need to be undone.
⫸ Availability Answer: refers to the ability to access our data when we
need it. Loss of availability can refer to a wide variety of breaks
anywhere in the chain that allows us access to our data. Such issues can
,result from power loss, operating system or application problems,
network attacks, compromise of a system, or other problems. When such
issues are caused by an outside party, such as an attacker, they are
commonly referred to as a denial of service (DoS) attack.
⫸ Possession or Control Answer: Refers to the physical disposition of
the media on which the data is stored. This enables us, without involving
other factors such as availability, to discuss our loss of the data in its
physical medium
An example is data store be on multiple devices and there could be
numerous versions.
⫸ Authenticity Answer: Attribution as to the owner or creator of the
data in question.
Authenticity can be enforced through the use of digital signatures.
⫸ Utility Answer: Refers to how useful the data is to us.
⫸ Interception Answer: Interception attacks allow unauthorized users to
access our data, applications, or environments and are primarily an
attack against confidentiality. Interception might take the form of
unauthorized file viewing or copying, eavesdropping on phone
conversations, or reading e-mail, and can be conducted against data at
rest or in motion. Properly executed, interception attacks can be very
difficult to detect.
, Affects Confidentiality
⫸ Interruption Answer: Interruption attacks cause our assets to become
unusable or unavailable for our use, on a temporary or permanent basis.
Interruption attacks often affect availability but can be an attack on
integrity as well. In the case of a DoS attack on a mail server, we would
classify this as an availability attack.
Affects Integrity and availability
⫸ Modification Answer: Modification attacks involve tampering with
our asset. If we access a file in an unauthorized manner and alter the data
it contains, we have affected the integrity of the data contained in the
file.
⫸ Fabrication Answer: Fabrication attacks involve generating data,
processes, communications, or other similar activities with a system.
Fabrication attacks primarily affect integrity but could be considered an
availability attack as well. If we generate spurious information in a
database, this would be considered to be a fabrication attack.
Affects Integrity and Availability
⫸ Threat Answer: Something that has potential to cause harm
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS
⫸ Parkerian hexad Answer: Where the CIA triad consists of
confidentiality, integrity, and availability, the Parkerian hexad consists
of these three principles, as well as possession or control, authenticity,
and utility
⫸ Confidentiality Answer: Refers to our ability to protect our data from
those who are not authorized to view it.
Confidentiality can be compromised by the loss of a laptop containing
data, a person looking over our shoulder while we type a password, an e-
mail attachment being sent to the wrong person, an attacker penetrating
our systems, or similar issues.
⫸ Integrity Answer: Refers to the ability to prevent our data from being
changed in an unauthorized or undesirable manner. This could mean the
unauthorized change or deletion of our data or portions of our data, or it
could mean an authorized, but undesirable, change or deletion of our
data. To maintain integrity, we not only need to have the means to
prevent unauthorized changes to our data but also need the ability to
reverse authorized changes that need to be undone.
⫸ Availability Answer: refers to the ability to access our data when we
need it. Loss of availability can refer to a wide variety of breaks
anywhere in the chain that allows us access to our data. Such issues can
,result from power loss, operating system or application problems,
network attacks, compromise of a system, or other problems. When such
issues are caused by an outside party, such as an attacker, they are
commonly referred to as a denial of service (DoS) attack.
⫸ Possession or Control Answer: Refers to the physical disposition of
the media on which the data is stored. This enables us, without involving
other factors such as availability, to discuss our loss of the data in its
physical medium
An example is data store be on multiple devices and there could be
numerous versions.
⫸ Authenticity Answer: Attribution as to the owner or creator of the
data in question.
Authenticity can be enforced through the use of digital signatures.
⫸ Utility Answer: Refers to how useful the data is to us.
⫸ Interception Answer: Interception attacks allow unauthorized users to
access our data, applications, or environments and are primarily an
attack against confidentiality. Interception might take the form of
unauthorized file viewing or copying, eavesdropping on phone
conversations, or reading e-mail, and can be conducted against data at
rest or in motion. Properly executed, interception attacks can be very
difficult to detect.
, Affects Confidentiality
⫸ Interruption Answer: Interruption attacks cause our assets to become
unusable or unavailable for our use, on a temporary or permanent basis.
Interruption attacks often affect availability but can be an attack on
integrity as well. In the case of a DoS attack on a mail server, we would
classify this as an availability attack.
Affects Integrity and availability
⫸ Modification Answer: Modification attacks involve tampering with
our asset. If we access a file in an unauthorized manner and alter the data
it contains, we have affected the integrity of the data contained in the
file.
⫸ Fabrication Answer: Fabrication attacks involve generating data,
processes, communications, or other similar activities with a system.
Fabrication attacks primarily affect integrity but could be considered an
availability attack as well. If we generate spurious information in a
database, this would be considered to be a fabrication attack.
Affects Integrity and Availability
⫸ Threat Answer: Something that has potential to cause harm
