PSYC 520 Exam 2 with accurate detailed solutions

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PSYC 520 Exam 2 with accurate detailed || || || || || || ||




solutions

Assimilation
integrating new information into existing schemes (e.g., toddler calling all vehicles "cars")
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Accommodation
adjusting schemes to incorporate new information (e.g., differentiating cars from trucks and
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motorcycles)




Difference between assimilation and accommodation
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assimilation is when new information is incorporated into existing schemas without changing
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them, while accommodation is when existing schemas are altered to fit new information
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object permanence
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understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen, developing during the
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sensorimotor stage (ex: Peek-A-Boo- why infants get upset when parents leave the room)
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A-not-B Error ||




infants will continue to reach for an object in a location where it was previously hidden, even
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though it has been moved to a new location (e.g., 8-12 month old who has obtained object
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permanence / infant brought into class) || || || || ||

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testing for object permanence || || ||




hide an object and see if the infant searches for it. If they look for the hidden object, they
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understand that it still exists even when out of sight || || || || || || || || ||




what is Egocentrism? || ||




Preoperational Stage (2-7 years) || || ||




inability to distinguish between one's one perspective and someone else's perspective
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- not able to visualize the other person's perspective (younger)
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- able to give the other person's perspective (older)
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How is egocentrism tested?
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Piaget's Three Mountain Task- a child is asked to describe what someone else sees from a
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different viewpoint. if the child only describes their own view, they display egocentrism
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Different types of Conservation || || ||




- Number (initial presentation)
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two identical rows of objects are shown to the child, who agrees they have the same number
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Different types of Conservation || || ||




- Number (Manipulation)
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one row is lengthened, and the child is asked whether one row now has more objects
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Different types of Conservation || || ||

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- Number (Preoperational Child's Answer)
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yes, the longer row
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Different types of Conservation || || ||




- Matter (initial presentation)
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two identical balls of clay are shown to the child. The child agrees that they are equal
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Different types of Conservation || || ||




- Matter (Manipulation)
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the experimenter changes the shape of one of the balls and asks the child whether they still
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contain equal amounts of clay
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Different types of Conservation || || ||




- Matter (preoperational child's answer)
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no, the longer one has more
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Different types of Conservation || || ||




- Length (initial presentation)
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two sticks are aligned in front of the child. the child agrees that they are the same length
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Different types of Conservation || || ||




- Length (Manipulation)
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