,Chronic Kidney Disease,
Dialysis, and
Transplantation
A Companion to Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney
FOURTH EDITION
Jonathan Himmelfarb, MD
Professor of Medicine
Director, Kidney Research Institute
Co-Director, Center for Dialysis Innovation
Joseph W. Eschbach MD Endowed Chair for Kidney Research
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology
University of Washington
T. Alp Ikizler, MD
Director, Division of Nephrology
Catherine McLaughlin-Hakim Chair in Vascular Biology
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee
,1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, DIALYSIS, AND
TRANSPLANTATION, FOURTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-52978-5
Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 25 Hemodialysis-Associated Infections, contributed by Duc B. Nguyen, Matthew J. Arduino and
Priti R. Patel, is in Public Domain.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan-
ical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permis-
sions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright
Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other
than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances
in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be
made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contrib-
utors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or
otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the
material herein.
Previous editions copyrighted 2010, 2005, and 2000.
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-52978-5
Content Strategist: Nancy Duffy
Senior Content Development Manager: Kathryn DeFrancesco
Content Development Specialist: Meghan Andress
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
Book Production Specialist: Carol O’Connell
Design Direction: Bridget Hoette
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
, SECTION EDITORS
Roy D. Bloom, MD Sushrut S. Waikar, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine Constantine L. Hampers, MD Distinguished Chair in Renal
University of Pennsylvania; Medicine
Medical Director Director of Translational Research and Ambulatory Services,
Penn Kidney Pancreas Transplant Program Renal Division
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Associate Professor of Medicine
Rajnish Mehrotra, MD Harvard Medical School
Professor of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
Section Head, Nephrology
Harborview Medical Center
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Katherine R. Tuttle, MD, FASN, FACP
Executive Director for Research
Providence Health Care;
Regional Co-Principal Investigator, Clinical Professor of
Medicine
Institute of Translational Health Sciences
University of Washington
Spokane, Washington
v
Dialysis, and
Transplantation
A Companion to Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney
FOURTH EDITION
Jonathan Himmelfarb, MD
Professor of Medicine
Director, Kidney Research Institute
Co-Director, Center for Dialysis Innovation
Joseph W. Eschbach MD Endowed Chair for Kidney Research
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology
University of Washington
T. Alp Ikizler, MD
Director, Division of Nephrology
Catherine McLaughlin-Hakim Chair in Vascular Biology
Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee
,1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, DIALYSIS, AND
TRANSPLANTATION, FOURTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-52978-5
Copyright © 2019 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 25 Hemodialysis-Associated Infections, contributed by Duc B. Nguyen, Matthew J. Arduino and
Priti R. Patel, is in Public Domain.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan-
ical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permis-
sions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright
Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other
than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances
in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be
made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contrib-
utors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or
otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the
material herein.
Previous editions copyrighted 2010, 2005, and 2000.
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-52978-5
Content Strategist: Nancy Duffy
Senior Content Development Manager: Kathryn DeFrancesco
Content Development Specialist: Meghan Andress
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
Book Production Specialist: Carol O’Connell
Design Direction: Bridget Hoette
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
, SECTION EDITORS
Roy D. Bloom, MD Sushrut S. Waikar, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine Constantine L. Hampers, MD Distinguished Chair in Renal
University of Pennsylvania; Medicine
Medical Director Director of Translational Research and Ambulatory Services,
Penn Kidney Pancreas Transplant Program Renal Division
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Associate Professor of Medicine
Rajnish Mehrotra, MD Harvard Medical School
Professor of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
Section Head, Nephrology
Harborview Medical Center
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington
Katherine R. Tuttle, MD, FASN, FACP
Executive Director for Research
Providence Health Care;
Regional Co-Principal Investigator, Clinical Professor of
Medicine
Institute of Translational Health Sciences
University of Washington
Spokane, Washington
v
