AAPD QE BOARD EXAM | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What layer do neural crest cells develop from? Answer - Ectoderm
At what embryonic age does the dental lamina begin to develop? Answer - 6
weeks
What are the three components of the tooth bud? Answer - Enamel Organ
Dental papilla
Dental sac
What are the three morphologic stages of a developing tooth bud? Answer -
Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
During the bell stage invagination of the epithelium occurs, which layer is
essential for enamel production? Answer - Stratum intermedium
Which cells does the stellate reticulum support and protect? Answer -
Ameloblasts
,What do remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath persist as? Answer -
Rests of Malassez
What is the origin of the dental papilla? Answer - Neural crest cells
What does the dental papilla differentiate in to? Answer - Dentin and
primordium of pulp
What are enamel pearls? Answer - Cells of epithelial root sheath that remain
attached to dentin. Differentiate into ameloblasts and produce enamel
What are the 7 steps (in order) of histophyisological differentiation of a tooth
bud? Answer - Initiation
Proliferation
Histodifferentiation
Morphodifferentiation
Apposition
Mineralization
Maturation
During which stage of tooth development may problems that lead to anomalies
of tooth number occur? Answer - Initiation
Which three stages of tooth development encompasses the bud, cap, early bell
and late bell? Answer - Proliferation
Histodifferentiation
Morphodifferentiation
,Disruptions of proliferation may result in what type of tooth anomalies? (4)
Answer - Size
Proportion
Numbers
Twinning
Which stage of tooth development may lead to anomalies of the enamel,
dentin, and cementum? Answer - Morphodifferentiation
What is the incidence of hyperdontia? Males vs females? Answer - 0.3 - 3%
Males 2:1 females
Is hyperdontia more common in maxilla or mandible? More common in
primary teeth or permanent teeth? Answer - Maxilla 90%
Permanent dentition 5x more common that primary
Which permanent teeth are most frequently missing? List in order from most
to least common Answer - Third molars
Mandibular second pre molars
Maxillary lateral incisors
Maxillary second pre molars
Name 9 syndromes that may be associated with supernumerary teeth Answer
- Apert
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Gardner syndrome
Crouzon syndrome
Sturge Weber syndrome
, Orofacialdigital Syndrome I
Hallermann-Strieff Syndrome - A
Cleft lip and palate
Down syndrome
Which syndrome is associated with shovel shaped incisors?
A. Sturge Weber Syndrome
B. Cleidocranial dysplasia
C. Apert syndrome
D. Hallermann Strieff Syndrome-A Answer - C. Apert Syndrome
Narrow high palate
Cleft of soft palate
Delayed or ectopic eruption
Shovel shaped incisors
Hypoplastic midface
Which syndrome is associated with osteomas of the jaw?
A. Orofiaciodigital Syndrome I
B. Apert Syndrome
C. Crouzon Syndrome
D. Gardner Syndrome Answer - D. Gardner Syndrome
Delayed eruption
| 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
What layer do neural crest cells develop from? Answer - Ectoderm
At what embryonic age does the dental lamina begin to develop? Answer - 6
weeks
What are the three components of the tooth bud? Answer - Enamel Organ
Dental papilla
Dental sac
What are the three morphologic stages of a developing tooth bud? Answer -
Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage
During the bell stage invagination of the epithelium occurs, which layer is
essential for enamel production? Answer - Stratum intermedium
Which cells does the stellate reticulum support and protect? Answer -
Ameloblasts
,What do remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath persist as? Answer -
Rests of Malassez
What is the origin of the dental papilla? Answer - Neural crest cells
What does the dental papilla differentiate in to? Answer - Dentin and
primordium of pulp
What are enamel pearls? Answer - Cells of epithelial root sheath that remain
attached to dentin. Differentiate into ameloblasts and produce enamel
What are the 7 steps (in order) of histophyisological differentiation of a tooth
bud? Answer - Initiation
Proliferation
Histodifferentiation
Morphodifferentiation
Apposition
Mineralization
Maturation
During which stage of tooth development may problems that lead to anomalies
of tooth number occur? Answer - Initiation
Which three stages of tooth development encompasses the bud, cap, early bell
and late bell? Answer - Proliferation
Histodifferentiation
Morphodifferentiation
,Disruptions of proliferation may result in what type of tooth anomalies? (4)
Answer - Size
Proportion
Numbers
Twinning
Which stage of tooth development may lead to anomalies of the enamel,
dentin, and cementum? Answer - Morphodifferentiation
What is the incidence of hyperdontia? Males vs females? Answer - 0.3 - 3%
Males 2:1 females
Is hyperdontia more common in maxilla or mandible? More common in
primary teeth or permanent teeth? Answer - Maxilla 90%
Permanent dentition 5x more common that primary
Which permanent teeth are most frequently missing? List in order from most
to least common Answer - Third molars
Mandibular second pre molars
Maxillary lateral incisors
Maxillary second pre molars
Name 9 syndromes that may be associated with supernumerary teeth Answer
- Apert
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Gardner syndrome
Crouzon syndrome
Sturge Weber syndrome
, Orofacialdigital Syndrome I
Hallermann-Strieff Syndrome - A
Cleft lip and palate
Down syndrome
Which syndrome is associated with shovel shaped incisors?
A. Sturge Weber Syndrome
B. Cleidocranial dysplasia
C. Apert syndrome
D. Hallermann Strieff Syndrome-A Answer - C. Apert Syndrome
Narrow high palate
Cleft of soft palate
Delayed or ectopic eruption
Shovel shaped incisors
Hypoplastic midface
Which syndrome is associated with osteomas of the jaw?
A. Orofiaciodigital Syndrome I
B. Apert Syndrome
C. Crouzon Syndrome
D. Gardner Syndrome Answer - D. Gardner Syndrome
Delayed eruption
