Nagelhout - Pharm Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solution |Latest Update 2025/2026 | Guaranteed Pass

Nagelhout - Pharm Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solution |Latest Update 2025/2026 | Guaranteed Pass Ester Local Anesthetics (5) - answer-- Cocaine - Procaine - Chloroprocaine - Tetracaine - Benzocaine (only 1 "i" in the name) Amide Local Anesthetics (6) - answer-- Lidocaine - Prilocaine - Ropivicaine - Bupivacaine - Articaine - Mepivicaine (2 "i's" in the name) Miscellaneous drugs associated with Local Anesthetics - answer-- EMLA Cream - Hyaluronidase - Oraverse Oraverse - answer-Rigatine: causes vasodilation that results faster recovery from LA in dental procedures (reversal of the epi effects)Three required chemical components of the local anesthetic molecule - answer-1. Lipophilic portion (Benzene ring) 2. Hydrophilic portion (Quarternary amine) 3. Separated by an Intermediate Chain (either an Ester or Amide chain) Amide Intermediate bond characteristics - answer-NH (positively charged) and Carbonyl oxygen (negatively charged) = attracted to each other → difficult to separate = difficult to metabolize Ester Intermediate bond characteristics - answer-Oxygen (negatively charged) and Carbonyl oxygen (negatively charged) = repel each other → open bond = easy to metabolize