250 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026
Which term includes children who experience difficulties in learning as well as those
whose performance is so superior that modifications in curriculum and instruction are
necessary to help them fulfill their potential? - ANSWERSExceptional children
Which of the following terms refers to a problem or a disadvantage a person with a
disability or impairment encounters when interacting with the environment? -
ANSWERSHandicap
Which term refers to children who, although not currently identified as having a
disability, are considered to have a greater than usual chance of developing one? -
ANSWERSAt risk
Which of the following are the three most prevalent disability categories? -
ANSWERSLearning disabilities, speech or language impairments, and other health
impairments
What percentage of school age children receive special education services? -
ANSWERS13%
Which of the following is an advantage of disability labels? - ANSWERSLabels helps
make exceptional children's special needs more visible to policymakers and the public.
Most studies conducted to assess the effects of labeling __________. - ANSWERShave
produced inconclusive, often contradictory evidence and have generally been marked
by methodological weaknesses
Which of the following is a legally required outcome when a student is labeled as having
a disability? - ANSWERSThe student becomes eligible for special education services
Which of the following court cases set the legal precedent for the civil rights for
individuals with disabilities by ruling that "separate is not equal"? - ANSWERSBrown v.
Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Which court case challenged a state law that denied public school education to children
considered "unable to profit from public school attendance"? - ANSWERSPennsylvania
Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972)
Which of the following means zero reject? - ANSWERSSchools must educate all
children with disabilities.
,Which of the following means due process? - ANSWERSSchools must provide
safeguards to protect the rights of children with disabilities and their parents.
Which of the following is NOT a major principle of IDEA? - ANSWERSFull inclusion in
regular classrooms
Special educators design __________________ to keep a potential or minor problem
from becoming a disability. - ANSWERSpreventive intervention
This level of preventive intervention is aimed at individuals with a disability and intended
to prevent the effects of the disability from worsening. - ANSWERSTertiary prevention
Teaching a student who cannot speak to use an alternative and augmentative
communication device is an example of which type of intervention? -
ANSWERSCompensatory intervention
Which of the following is NOT a challenge facing the field of special education? -
ANSWERSClarifying which students have multiple and severe disabilities
The statement "instruction received by many students with disabilities not only fails to
take advantage of that knowledge, it often embraces methods scientific studies have
shown to be ineffective" refers to - ANSWERSthe research to practice gap.
Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of prereferral intervention? -
ANSWERSTo increase the frequency of special education placement for children
whose learning or behavioral problems are the result of inappropriate instruction
Which of the following statements regarding multifactored evaluation is true? -
ANSWERSIDEA requires that multifactored evaluation reports provide information
about the child's educational needs and how to meet them.
Which of the following is a formal and systematic prereferral process that assesses how
a student responds to increasingly intensive instruction? - ANSWERSResponse to
intervention (RTI)
Disproportionate overrepresentation: - ANSWERSExists when a particular group
receives special education at a rate higher than would be expected based on the
proportion of the general student population that group represents
Which of the following students are disproportionately overrepresented in special
education? - ANSWERSNative American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander,
and African American
Which of the following is NOT identified as a reason for the overrepresentation of
ethnically and culturally diverse students in special education? -
ANSWERSUnderrepresentation is really the problem, not overrepresentation
, ____________________ teams are composed of professionals from different
disciplines who work independently of one another. - ANSWERSMultidisciplinary
In this co-teaching format, both teachers teach the same content to two equal-sized
groups of students. - ANSWERSParallel teaching
Which of the following involves reciprocity and sharing of information among all team
members through an equal exchange? - ANSWERSTeaming
Which of the following is a required component of the IEP? - ANSWERSAn explanation
of the extent to which the child will not participate with children who do not have
disabilities
Which of the following should include a statement of program modifications or supports
for school personnel that will be provided for the child? - ANSWERSA statement of
special education and related services
Educating students with disabilities with children who are not disabled to the maximum
extent possible is called which of the following? - ANSWERSThe least restrictive
environment
In the continuum of placement options, which of the following is considered most
restrictive? - ANSWERSHomebound or hospital
Which of the following statements is true regarding least restrictive environment (LRE)?
- ANSWERSA student cannot be removed from the regular classroom unless the IEP
team determines the specialized instruction or related services the child needs to
achieve his IEP goals cannot be provided in the regular classroom.
Which of the following statements regarding cooperative learning is true? -
ANSWERSCooperative learning arrangements should include group goals and
individual accountability.
Advocates of full inclusion contend that the LRE model does all of the following,
EXCEPT - ANSWERSdirects attention to the services and supports people need rather
than to physical settings.
Many people—inside and outside the field of education—have detected the following
problems with the nature of special education EXCEPT - ANSWERSlack of any
progress toward providing equal educational opportunities.
A comprehensive system of early intervention services and supports is designed to -
ANSWERSreduce the effects of disabilities or prevent the occurrence of learning and
developmental problems later in life
ANSWERS 2026
Which term includes children who experience difficulties in learning as well as those
whose performance is so superior that modifications in curriculum and instruction are
necessary to help them fulfill their potential? - ANSWERSExceptional children
Which of the following terms refers to a problem or a disadvantage a person with a
disability or impairment encounters when interacting with the environment? -
ANSWERSHandicap
Which term refers to children who, although not currently identified as having a
disability, are considered to have a greater than usual chance of developing one? -
ANSWERSAt risk
Which of the following are the three most prevalent disability categories? -
ANSWERSLearning disabilities, speech or language impairments, and other health
impairments
What percentage of school age children receive special education services? -
ANSWERS13%
Which of the following is an advantage of disability labels? - ANSWERSLabels helps
make exceptional children's special needs more visible to policymakers and the public.
Most studies conducted to assess the effects of labeling __________. - ANSWERShave
produced inconclusive, often contradictory evidence and have generally been marked
by methodological weaknesses
Which of the following is a legally required outcome when a student is labeled as having
a disability? - ANSWERSThe student becomes eligible for special education services
Which of the following court cases set the legal precedent for the civil rights for
individuals with disabilities by ruling that "separate is not equal"? - ANSWERSBrown v.
Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Which court case challenged a state law that denied public school education to children
considered "unable to profit from public school attendance"? - ANSWERSPennsylvania
Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972)
Which of the following means zero reject? - ANSWERSSchools must educate all
children with disabilities.
,Which of the following means due process? - ANSWERSSchools must provide
safeguards to protect the rights of children with disabilities and their parents.
Which of the following is NOT a major principle of IDEA? - ANSWERSFull inclusion in
regular classrooms
Special educators design __________________ to keep a potential or minor problem
from becoming a disability. - ANSWERSpreventive intervention
This level of preventive intervention is aimed at individuals with a disability and intended
to prevent the effects of the disability from worsening. - ANSWERSTertiary prevention
Teaching a student who cannot speak to use an alternative and augmentative
communication device is an example of which type of intervention? -
ANSWERSCompensatory intervention
Which of the following is NOT a challenge facing the field of special education? -
ANSWERSClarifying which students have multiple and severe disabilities
The statement "instruction received by many students with disabilities not only fails to
take advantage of that knowledge, it often embraces methods scientific studies have
shown to be ineffective" refers to - ANSWERSthe research to practice gap.
Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of prereferral intervention? -
ANSWERSTo increase the frequency of special education placement for children
whose learning or behavioral problems are the result of inappropriate instruction
Which of the following statements regarding multifactored evaluation is true? -
ANSWERSIDEA requires that multifactored evaluation reports provide information
about the child's educational needs and how to meet them.
Which of the following is a formal and systematic prereferral process that assesses how
a student responds to increasingly intensive instruction? - ANSWERSResponse to
intervention (RTI)
Disproportionate overrepresentation: - ANSWERSExists when a particular group
receives special education at a rate higher than would be expected based on the
proportion of the general student population that group represents
Which of the following students are disproportionately overrepresented in special
education? - ANSWERSNative American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander,
and African American
Which of the following is NOT identified as a reason for the overrepresentation of
ethnically and culturally diverse students in special education? -
ANSWERSUnderrepresentation is really the problem, not overrepresentation
, ____________________ teams are composed of professionals from different
disciplines who work independently of one another. - ANSWERSMultidisciplinary
In this co-teaching format, both teachers teach the same content to two equal-sized
groups of students. - ANSWERSParallel teaching
Which of the following involves reciprocity and sharing of information among all team
members through an equal exchange? - ANSWERSTeaming
Which of the following is a required component of the IEP? - ANSWERSAn explanation
of the extent to which the child will not participate with children who do not have
disabilities
Which of the following should include a statement of program modifications or supports
for school personnel that will be provided for the child? - ANSWERSA statement of
special education and related services
Educating students with disabilities with children who are not disabled to the maximum
extent possible is called which of the following? - ANSWERSThe least restrictive
environment
In the continuum of placement options, which of the following is considered most
restrictive? - ANSWERSHomebound or hospital
Which of the following statements is true regarding least restrictive environment (LRE)?
- ANSWERSA student cannot be removed from the regular classroom unless the IEP
team determines the specialized instruction or related services the child needs to
achieve his IEP goals cannot be provided in the regular classroom.
Which of the following statements regarding cooperative learning is true? -
ANSWERSCooperative learning arrangements should include group goals and
individual accountability.
Advocates of full inclusion contend that the LRE model does all of the following,
EXCEPT - ANSWERSdirects attention to the services and supports people need rather
than to physical settings.
Many people—inside and outside the field of education—have detected the following
problems with the nature of special education EXCEPT - ANSWERSlack of any
progress toward providing equal educational opportunities.
A comprehensive system of early intervention services and supports is designed to -
ANSWERSreduce the effects of disabilities or prevent the occurrence of learning and
developmental problems later in life
