B IO-201 Exam 2 com plete ver ifi ed
solu tions + r ationales (PASS
GUARANTEED)
What structures make up the integumentary system? - answer skin,
hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands
What are the 6 main functions of skin? Briefly explain each function. -
answer Protection: creates chemical, physical and biological barrier
between the outside world and inside body
Body Temp. Regulation: ex. sensible perspiration cools body down,
dermal blood vessels constrict to preserve body heat
Cutaneous Sensations: respond to stimuli like touch, pain, temp.
Metabolic Functions: skin can synthesize vitamin D
Blood reservoir: Skin can hold up to 5% of body's total blood volume
Excretion: skin can secrete limited amounts of nitrogenous wastes
,What are the 3 main layers of the skin? How would you describe each
layer? - answer Epidermis: most superficial region
Dermis: connective tissue layer below epidermis
Hypodermis: adipose tissue layer that connects dermis to underlying
structures
What 4 types of cells can be found in the epidermis? - answer 1)
Keratinocytes
2) Melanocytes
3) Dendritic cells
4) Tactile cells
What are the layers of the epidermis and where do you find each (deep
to superficial)? What is the function of each layer? Where are
keratinocytes produced? - answer Most Superficial
--------------------
,stratum corneum: 20-30 rows of dead skin cells, though dead provide
protection
Stratum lucidum: found only in thick skin (palms and soles of feet)
Stratum granulosum: thin layer that preservers water in body (last layer
of living cells
Stratum spinosum: several layers thick with keratinocytes, dendritic
cells and melanosomes
Stratum basale: composed of stem cells that produce new daughter
cells, 10 - 25% melanocytes (keratinocytes produced)
-------------------
deepest layer
What is the difference between thick and thin skin? Where is each
found?* - answer Thick: contains stratum lucidum (ex. palms and soles
of feet)
Thin: does not have stratum lucidum, (ex. everywhere else)
What are the layers of the dermis? - answer papillary and reticular
, What forms your fingerprints? - answer Sweat pores in epidermal ridges
What is the importance of cleavage lines?* - answer incisions parallel to
cleavage lines heal quicker
What are the functions of the hypodermis? - answer Insulation, shock
absorbing cushion, serves as a reserve for energy storage
What are the 3 main pigments that determine skin color? What is the
color of each? - answer 1) Melanin: brown
2) Carotene: yellow to orange
3)Hemoglobin: pinkish
What is the relationship between UV exposure and melanin? - answer
Melanin protects from overexposure to UV light
Explain the importance of skin color for indicating different diseases
(include: cyanosis, pallor, erythema, jaundice and bruises).* - answer
Cyanosis: blue skin color from lack of oxygen and hemoglobin
Pallor: pale color from anemia, low blood pressure, fear or anger
solu tions + r ationales (PASS
GUARANTEED)
What structures make up the integumentary system? - answer skin,
hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands
What are the 6 main functions of skin? Briefly explain each function. -
answer Protection: creates chemical, physical and biological barrier
between the outside world and inside body
Body Temp. Regulation: ex. sensible perspiration cools body down,
dermal blood vessels constrict to preserve body heat
Cutaneous Sensations: respond to stimuli like touch, pain, temp.
Metabolic Functions: skin can synthesize vitamin D
Blood reservoir: Skin can hold up to 5% of body's total blood volume
Excretion: skin can secrete limited amounts of nitrogenous wastes
,What are the 3 main layers of the skin? How would you describe each
layer? - answer Epidermis: most superficial region
Dermis: connective tissue layer below epidermis
Hypodermis: adipose tissue layer that connects dermis to underlying
structures
What 4 types of cells can be found in the epidermis? - answer 1)
Keratinocytes
2) Melanocytes
3) Dendritic cells
4) Tactile cells
What are the layers of the epidermis and where do you find each (deep
to superficial)? What is the function of each layer? Where are
keratinocytes produced? - answer Most Superficial
--------------------
,stratum corneum: 20-30 rows of dead skin cells, though dead provide
protection
Stratum lucidum: found only in thick skin (palms and soles of feet)
Stratum granulosum: thin layer that preservers water in body (last layer
of living cells
Stratum spinosum: several layers thick with keratinocytes, dendritic
cells and melanosomes
Stratum basale: composed of stem cells that produce new daughter
cells, 10 - 25% melanocytes (keratinocytes produced)
-------------------
deepest layer
What is the difference between thick and thin skin? Where is each
found?* - answer Thick: contains stratum lucidum (ex. palms and soles
of feet)
Thin: does not have stratum lucidum, (ex. everywhere else)
What are the layers of the dermis? - answer papillary and reticular
, What forms your fingerprints? - answer Sweat pores in epidermal ridges
What is the importance of cleavage lines?* - answer incisions parallel to
cleavage lines heal quicker
What are the functions of the hypodermis? - answer Insulation, shock
absorbing cushion, serves as a reserve for energy storage
What are the 3 main pigments that determine skin color? What is the
color of each? - answer 1) Melanin: brown
2) Carotene: yellow to orange
3)Hemoglobin: pinkish
What is the relationship between UV exposure and melanin? - answer
Melanin protects from overexposure to UV light
Explain the importance of skin color for indicating different diseases
(include: cyanosis, pallor, erythema, jaundice and bruises).* - answer
Cyanosis: blue skin color from lack of oxygen and hemoglobin
Pallor: pale color from anemia, low blood pressure, fear or anger
