PHTLS MAIN EXAMINATION SET QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔using critical thinking to control biases - ✔✔1) Assume the worst case scenario until
proven other wise
2)uphold the Hippocratic oath "primum non nocere" or first do no harm
✔✔Ethics principles - ✔✔
✔✔ethics - ✔✔is using a set of moral principles to assist in determining what the right
thing to do
✔✔ethical decision making includes - ✔✔autonomy nonmaleficence, beneficence, and
justice
✔✔autonomy is greek word for - ✔✔"self rule", In medicine it refer to the pt right to
direct his or or her own health care free from interference or under influence
✔✔The management of posthospital trauma must reflect - ✔✔1. gain access to the pt
2.identify and treat life threating inquires
3.package and transport the pt to the closest appropriate facility in the least amount of
time
✔✔compensated shock - ✔✔agitation, anxiety, restlessness, weak rapid thready pulse,
clammy cool skin, pallor, shallow breathing, thirst
✔✔uncompensated shock - ✔✔A stage of shock that occurs when the body is no longer
able to maintain systemic blood pressure
✔✔hypovolemic shock - ✔✔Acute blood loss from hemorrhage, or fluid volume
✔✔hypovolemic shock causes - ✔✔Hemorrhage, Vomiting and Diarrhea, Dehydration,
Third-space loss, Burns, heat emergences
✔✔hypovolemic shock s/s - ✔✔tachycardia, silent tachypnea, sunk frontals, sunken
eyes, hypotension, pale, cool, clammy skin
✔✔Hypovolemic shock tx - ✔✔fluid replacement, 02, warm, stop bleeding
✔✔cardiogenic shock - ✔✔failure for the heart to pump
✔✔cardiogenic shock causes - ✔✔CHF, MI, dysrthisma, valvular disease
✔✔cardiogenic shock s/s - ✔✔Tachycardia
, Hypotension
Tachypnea
Oliguria
cool, pale skin
low CO, PAP/PAWP, SVO2
Increase in Vasc resistance
✔✔cardiogenic shock tx - ✔✔
✔✔Distributive neurogenic shock - ✔✔high mechanism of trauma
✔✔neurogenic shock - ✔✔Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients
with spinal cord injuries.
T-7
✔✔neurogenic shock s/s - ✔✔pale skin above the injurie and pink warm and dry below
the site, hypotension, bradycardia
✔✔neurogenic shock tx - ✔✔spinal immobilization
✔✔anaphylactic shock - ✔✔A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is
introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual. Characterized by
bronchoconstriction, labored breathing, widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and
sometimes sudden death.
✔✔Anaphylactic shock causes - ✔✔food, medications, environmental
✔✔Anaphylactic shock s/s - ✔✔hives, itching, flushing, pallor, cyanosis, abrupt fall in
cardiac output, rapid shallow respirations, stridor, wheezing, crackles, leads to
respiratory arrest, selling of mucous membranes, pulmonary edema
✔✔Anaphylactic shock TX - ✔✔Epi, solu Medrol, Benadryl, albuterol, fluids 1-2 liters
✔✔septic shock - ✔✔systemic bacterial infection that causes the fluids to leak
✔✔septic shock s/s - ✔✔tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, low etoc2, increases
body temp.
✔✔septic shock tx - ✔✔antibiotics, IV, vasopressor, fluid
✔✔Obstructive shock - ✔✔Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the
heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔using critical thinking to control biases - ✔✔1) Assume the worst case scenario until
proven other wise
2)uphold the Hippocratic oath "primum non nocere" or first do no harm
✔✔Ethics principles - ✔✔
✔✔ethics - ✔✔is using a set of moral principles to assist in determining what the right
thing to do
✔✔ethical decision making includes - ✔✔autonomy nonmaleficence, beneficence, and
justice
✔✔autonomy is greek word for - ✔✔"self rule", In medicine it refer to the pt right to
direct his or or her own health care free from interference or under influence
✔✔The management of posthospital trauma must reflect - ✔✔1. gain access to the pt
2.identify and treat life threating inquires
3.package and transport the pt to the closest appropriate facility in the least amount of
time
✔✔compensated shock - ✔✔agitation, anxiety, restlessness, weak rapid thready pulse,
clammy cool skin, pallor, shallow breathing, thirst
✔✔uncompensated shock - ✔✔A stage of shock that occurs when the body is no longer
able to maintain systemic blood pressure
✔✔hypovolemic shock - ✔✔Acute blood loss from hemorrhage, or fluid volume
✔✔hypovolemic shock causes - ✔✔Hemorrhage, Vomiting and Diarrhea, Dehydration,
Third-space loss, Burns, heat emergences
✔✔hypovolemic shock s/s - ✔✔tachycardia, silent tachypnea, sunk frontals, sunken
eyes, hypotension, pale, cool, clammy skin
✔✔Hypovolemic shock tx - ✔✔fluid replacement, 02, warm, stop bleeding
✔✔cardiogenic shock - ✔✔failure for the heart to pump
✔✔cardiogenic shock causes - ✔✔CHF, MI, dysrthisma, valvular disease
✔✔cardiogenic shock s/s - ✔✔Tachycardia
, Hypotension
Tachypnea
Oliguria
cool, pale skin
low CO, PAP/PAWP, SVO2
Increase in Vasc resistance
✔✔cardiogenic shock tx - ✔✔
✔✔Distributive neurogenic shock - ✔✔high mechanism of trauma
✔✔neurogenic shock - ✔✔Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that
control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients
with spinal cord injuries.
T-7
✔✔neurogenic shock s/s - ✔✔pale skin above the injurie and pink warm and dry below
the site, hypotension, bradycardia
✔✔neurogenic shock tx - ✔✔spinal immobilization
✔✔anaphylactic shock - ✔✔A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is
introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual. Characterized by
bronchoconstriction, labored breathing, widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and
sometimes sudden death.
✔✔Anaphylactic shock causes - ✔✔food, medications, environmental
✔✔Anaphylactic shock s/s - ✔✔hives, itching, flushing, pallor, cyanosis, abrupt fall in
cardiac output, rapid shallow respirations, stridor, wheezing, crackles, leads to
respiratory arrest, selling of mucous membranes, pulmonary edema
✔✔Anaphylactic shock TX - ✔✔Epi, solu Medrol, Benadryl, albuterol, fluids 1-2 liters
✔✔septic shock - ✔✔systemic bacterial infection that causes the fluids to leak
✔✔septic shock s/s - ✔✔tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, low etoc2, increases
body temp.
✔✔septic shock tx - ✔✔antibiotics, IV, vasopressor, fluid
✔✔Obstructive shock - ✔✔Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the
heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.
