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1. What do psychologists study?
A. Biological Foundations
B. Mental Life
C. Change
D. Self and Others
E. Potential and Dysfunction
Correct Answer: All of the above
Rationale:
Psychology is a broad field that studies biological foundations, mental life, change, self and others, and
potential and dysfunction. Together, these areas explain how humans think, feel, and behave in different
contexts.
2. What were the initial goals of Project Head Start? What has been the effect of Project Head Start?
A. To improve access to college education for minority students.
B. To provide early childhood education and health support for children from low-income families.
C. To train teachers in emotional learning programs.
D. To study the long-term cognitive effects of poverty.
Correct Answer: B. To provide early childhood education and health support for children from low-
income families.
Rationale:
Project Head Start was launched in 1965 to support children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. It
offers education, socioemotional, health, and nutrition services to over 900,000 children annually,
reducing early learning disadvantages caused by poverty.
3. To what extent is intelligence inherited?
A. 10–20%
B. 30–50%
C. 60–80%
D. 100%
Correct Answer: C. 60–80%
Rationale:
Research indicates that genetic factors account for about 60–80% of individual differences in
intelligence, though environmental factors like education and upbringing also play a key role in
intellectual development.
Stages of Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development -correct-answer-Stage 1: Infancy (0-2 years)
Trust vs. Mistrust
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Which stages correctly represent Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development from early childhood to
maturity?
A. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt → Initiative vs Guilt → Industry vs Inferiority → Identity vs Role
Confusion → Intimacy vs Isolation → Generativity vs Stagnation → Ego Integrity vs Despair
B. Trust vs Mistrust → Industry vs Inferiority → Identity vs Role Confusion → Integrity vs Despair →
Initiative vs Guilt → Stagnation vs Generativity
C. Initiative vs Guilt → Autonomy vs Shame → Role Confusion vs Identity → Isolation vs Intimacy →
Stagnation vs Generativity
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Erikson proposed eight stages of psychosocial development. From early childhood to maturity,
individuals experience the following sequence:
• Stage 2 (2–4 yrs): Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
• Stage 3 (4–5 yrs): Initiative vs Guilt
• Stage 4 (5–12 yrs): Industry vs Inferiority
• Stage 5 (13–19 yrs): Identity vs Role Confusion
• Stage 6 (20–39 yrs): Intimacy vs Isolation
• Stage 7 (40–64 yrs): Generativity vs Stagnation
• Stage 8 (65–death): Ego Integrity vs Despair
2. What are the three main stages of prenatal and newborn development?
A. Conception, Germination, and Embryonic
B. Zygotic (or Germinal), Embryonic, and Fetal
C. Cleavage, Gastrulation, and Birth
D. Fertilization, Implantation, and Labor
Correct Answer: B. Zygotic (or Germinal), Embryonic, and Fetal
Rationale:
Prenatal development occurs in three major stages:
1. Zygotic (Germinal) – conception to implantation,
2. Embryonic – implantation to about 8 weeks, and
3. Fetal – from the 10th to 40th week.
Each stage involves critical growth and organ formation necessary for survival.
3. What happens during the zygotic (germinal) stage of prenatal development?
A. The baby begins to move and respond to sound.
B. Rapid cell division occurs as the zygote moves to the uterus and implants.
C. The organs and systems start functioning independently.
D. Differentiation into germ layers begins.
Correct Answer: B. Rapid cell division occurs as the zygote moves to the uterus and implants.
Rationale:
The zygotic stage occurs during the first 2 weeks of development. The fertilized egg (zygote) travels
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through the fallopian tube while dividing rapidly, forming a blastocyst that implants into the uterine wall,
beginning the process of pregnancy.
4. Why is the embryonic stage considered the most critical period of prenatal development?
A. The baby grows in size but not complexity.
B. Differentiation of cells into specific body systems and organs occurs.
C. The embryo learns to breathe and eat independently.
D. The placenta forms for the first time.
Correct Answer: B. Differentiation of cells into specific body systems and organs occurs.
Rationale:
From implantation to 8 weeks, cells undergo differentiation forming the ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm — the germ layers that develop into all major structures like the brain, heart, lungs, skin, and
digestive system. Any disruption here can cause serious defects.
5. What marks the beginning of the fetal stage of development?
A. The fertilization of the egg
B. The implantation of the blastocyst
C. The completion of organ formation around the 10th week of pregnancy
D. The baby’s first heartbeat
Correct Answer: C. The completion of organ formation around the 10th week of pregnancy
Rationale:
The fetal stage begins at approximately the 10th week of pregnancy (8 weeks post-conception). At this
point, most organs are formed, and the embryo is now called a fetus. The rest of the period involves
growth, maturation, and fine-tuning of organ systems.
Characterized by exponential growth of the embryo, now called a ____, and the development of tissues
and organs.
6. What are teratogens?
A. Nutrients that promote fetal development
B. Agents, such as chemicals or viruses, that can harm an embryo or fetus
C. Natural hormones produced during pregnancy
D. Chromosomal mutations that cause genetic disorders
Correct Answer: B. Agents, such as chemicals or viruses, that can harm an embryo or fetus
Rationale:
Teratogens are harmful environmental agents (like alcohol, drugs, radiation, or air pollution) that can
cross the placenta and disrupt normal prenatal development, causing birth defects or developmental
problems.
7. Which of the following are examples of teratogens and their effects on a developing fetus?
A. High protein diets and excessive sleep cause delayed growth.
B. Cigarette smoking reduces oxygen and can cause low birth weight; alcohol can cause Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome (FAS).
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1. What do psychologists study?
A. Biological Foundations
B. Mental Life
C. Change
D. Self and Others
E. Potential and Dysfunction
Correct Answer: All of the above
Rationale:
Psychology is a broad field that studies biological foundations, mental life, change, self and others, and
potential and dysfunction. Together, these areas explain how humans think, feel, and behave in different
contexts.
2. What were the initial goals of Project Head Start? What has been the effect of Project Head Start?
A. To improve access to college education for minority students.
B. To provide early childhood education and health support for children from low-income families.
C. To train teachers in emotional learning programs.
D. To study the long-term cognitive effects of poverty.
Correct Answer: B. To provide early childhood education and health support for children from low-
income families.
Rationale:
Project Head Start was launched in 1965 to support children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. It
offers education, socioemotional, health, and nutrition services to over 900,000 children annually,
reducing early learning disadvantages caused by poverty.
3. To what extent is intelligence inherited?
A. 10–20%
B. 30–50%
C. 60–80%
D. 100%
Correct Answer: C. 60–80%
Rationale:
Research indicates that genetic factors account for about 60–80% of individual differences in
intelligence, though environmental factors like education and upbringing also play a key role in
intellectual development.
Stages of Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development -correct-answer-Stage 1: Infancy (0-2 years)
Trust vs. Mistrust
,3 | Page
Which stages correctly represent Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development from early childhood to
maturity?
A. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt → Initiative vs Guilt → Industry vs Inferiority → Identity vs Role
Confusion → Intimacy vs Isolation → Generativity vs Stagnation → Ego Integrity vs Despair
B. Trust vs Mistrust → Industry vs Inferiority → Identity vs Role Confusion → Integrity vs Despair →
Initiative vs Guilt → Stagnation vs Generativity
C. Initiative vs Guilt → Autonomy vs Shame → Role Confusion vs Identity → Isolation vs Intimacy →
Stagnation vs Generativity
D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Erikson proposed eight stages of psychosocial development. From early childhood to maturity,
individuals experience the following sequence:
• Stage 2 (2–4 yrs): Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
• Stage 3 (4–5 yrs): Initiative vs Guilt
• Stage 4 (5–12 yrs): Industry vs Inferiority
• Stage 5 (13–19 yrs): Identity vs Role Confusion
• Stage 6 (20–39 yrs): Intimacy vs Isolation
• Stage 7 (40–64 yrs): Generativity vs Stagnation
• Stage 8 (65–death): Ego Integrity vs Despair
2. What are the three main stages of prenatal and newborn development?
A. Conception, Germination, and Embryonic
B. Zygotic (or Germinal), Embryonic, and Fetal
C. Cleavage, Gastrulation, and Birth
D. Fertilization, Implantation, and Labor
Correct Answer: B. Zygotic (or Germinal), Embryonic, and Fetal
Rationale:
Prenatal development occurs in three major stages:
1. Zygotic (Germinal) – conception to implantation,
2. Embryonic – implantation to about 8 weeks, and
3. Fetal – from the 10th to 40th week.
Each stage involves critical growth and organ formation necessary for survival.
3. What happens during the zygotic (germinal) stage of prenatal development?
A. The baby begins to move and respond to sound.
B. Rapid cell division occurs as the zygote moves to the uterus and implants.
C. The organs and systems start functioning independently.
D. Differentiation into germ layers begins.
Correct Answer: B. Rapid cell division occurs as the zygote moves to the uterus and implants.
Rationale:
The zygotic stage occurs during the first 2 weeks of development. The fertilized egg (zygote) travels
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through the fallopian tube while dividing rapidly, forming a blastocyst that implants into the uterine wall,
beginning the process of pregnancy.
4. Why is the embryonic stage considered the most critical period of prenatal development?
A. The baby grows in size but not complexity.
B. Differentiation of cells into specific body systems and organs occurs.
C. The embryo learns to breathe and eat independently.
D. The placenta forms for the first time.
Correct Answer: B. Differentiation of cells into specific body systems and organs occurs.
Rationale:
From implantation to 8 weeks, cells undergo differentiation forming the ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm — the germ layers that develop into all major structures like the brain, heart, lungs, skin, and
digestive system. Any disruption here can cause serious defects.
5. What marks the beginning of the fetal stage of development?
A. The fertilization of the egg
B. The implantation of the blastocyst
C. The completion of organ formation around the 10th week of pregnancy
D. The baby’s first heartbeat
Correct Answer: C. The completion of organ formation around the 10th week of pregnancy
Rationale:
The fetal stage begins at approximately the 10th week of pregnancy (8 weeks post-conception). At this
point, most organs are formed, and the embryo is now called a fetus. The rest of the period involves
growth, maturation, and fine-tuning of organ systems.
Characterized by exponential growth of the embryo, now called a ____, and the development of tissues
and organs.
6. What are teratogens?
A. Nutrients that promote fetal development
B. Agents, such as chemicals or viruses, that can harm an embryo or fetus
C. Natural hormones produced during pregnancy
D. Chromosomal mutations that cause genetic disorders
Correct Answer: B. Agents, such as chemicals or viruses, that can harm an embryo or fetus
Rationale:
Teratogens are harmful environmental agents (like alcohol, drugs, radiation, or air pollution) that can
cross the placenta and disrupt normal prenatal development, causing birth defects or developmental
problems.
7. Which of the following are examples of teratogens and their effects on a developing fetus?
A. High protein diets and excessive sleep cause delayed growth.
B. Cigarette smoking reduces oxygen and can cause low birth weight; alcohol can cause Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome (FAS).
