CSOWM - DIGESTION & METABOLISM QUESTIONS
WITH CORECT ANSWERS 2026
Hormone Production/Secretion Sites - CORRECT ANSWER -Stomach (Gastric Fundus)
- ghrelin
Small Intestine
Duodenum: CCK, GIP
Jejunum: GIP
Ileum: GLP-1, PYY, OXM
Large Intestine
- PYY
Pancreas
- insulin, amylin, glucagon
Adipose Tissue
- leptin, adiponectin
Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWER -Hormone produced and secreted by the alpha cells in the
pancreas in response to a drop in blood sugar, prolonged fasting, exercise and protein-rich
meals.
Functions
Triggers glycogenolysis - ie triggers the liver to convert stored glucose (glycogen) into a usable
form and then release it into your bloodstream.
, Prevents your liver from taking in and storing glucose so that more glucose stays in your blood.
Helps your body make glucose from other sources, such as amino acids.
Ghrelin - CORRECT ANSWER -Hormone produced/secreted in the gastric fundus (dome shaped
upper part of stomach)
Functions
- signals part of your brain called the hypothalamus to increase appetite (particularly for high fat
and high sugar foods)
- promotes fat storage
- stimulates pituitary gland to release growth hormones affecting bone formation and muscle
mass
- plays a role in glucose homeostasis (possibly by inhibiting insulin secretion)
- plays a role in protecting your cardiovascular health.
Hormone Changes Associated with Weight Changes
- levels increase during dieting and weight loss
- levels decrease after bariatric surgery (ie RYGB)
Incretins - CORRECT ANSWER -Gut-derived peptide hormones that are rapidly secreted in
response to a meal.
The two main incretins in humans are glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and
glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). They stimulate pancreatic β-cells postprandially to secrete
insulin.
WITH CORECT ANSWERS 2026
Hormone Production/Secretion Sites - CORRECT ANSWER -Stomach (Gastric Fundus)
- ghrelin
Small Intestine
Duodenum: CCK, GIP
Jejunum: GIP
Ileum: GLP-1, PYY, OXM
Large Intestine
- PYY
Pancreas
- insulin, amylin, glucagon
Adipose Tissue
- leptin, adiponectin
Glucagon - CORRECT ANSWER -Hormone produced and secreted by the alpha cells in the
pancreas in response to a drop in blood sugar, prolonged fasting, exercise and protein-rich
meals.
Functions
Triggers glycogenolysis - ie triggers the liver to convert stored glucose (glycogen) into a usable
form and then release it into your bloodstream.
, Prevents your liver from taking in and storing glucose so that more glucose stays in your blood.
Helps your body make glucose from other sources, such as amino acids.
Ghrelin - CORRECT ANSWER -Hormone produced/secreted in the gastric fundus (dome shaped
upper part of stomach)
Functions
- signals part of your brain called the hypothalamus to increase appetite (particularly for high fat
and high sugar foods)
- promotes fat storage
- stimulates pituitary gland to release growth hormones affecting bone formation and muscle
mass
- plays a role in glucose homeostasis (possibly by inhibiting insulin secretion)
- plays a role in protecting your cardiovascular health.
Hormone Changes Associated with Weight Changes
- levels increase during dieting and weight loss
- levels decrease after bariatric surgery (ie RYGB)
Incretins - CORRECT ANSWER -Gut-derived peptide hormones that are rapidly secreted in
response to a meal.
The two main incretins in humans are glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and
glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). They stimulate pancreatic β-cells postprandially to secrete
insulin.
