NEBOSH HSE PSM ACTUAL 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Protection of Tanks from Extremes of Weather - ✔✔Tanks may need to be protected
from extremes of weather. In both hot and cold climates, the tank will be exposed to
wide variations in temperature. If this is assessed as an issue, the tank can be
insulated. High wind loadings may also affect the tank by causing distortions and
uplifting from the base.
Distortion can be limited by girding the tank with metal bands.
Trace heating may need to be provided on pipework for some materials.
✔✔The Triangle of Fire: - ✔✔Heat.
Oxygen.
Fuel.
✔✔Mechanisms of Heat Transfer: - ✔✔Conduction.
Convection.
Radiation.
✔✔Typical ignition sources - ✔✔Smoking.
Sparking.
Naked flames.
Electrical discharges.
Hot surfaces.
Mechanical friction.
Lighting.
✔✔Zoning/hazardous area classification - ✔✔For flamable vapors:
Zone 0: A place in which an explosive atmosphere is present continously.
Zone 1: A place in which an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur.
Zone 2: A place in which and explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal
operation.
For flammable dusts: An explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible
dust in air: Zone 20, Zone 21, Zone 22.
✔✔Conditions for dust to become explosive - ✔✔Particle size.
Dispersal.
Explosive concentrations. Dust has indicative values like LEL 25-50 g per cubic meter
and UEL ten times the LEL.
Ignition energy.
, Heat and humidity.
✔✔Dust Explosion Pentagon - ✔✔Oxygen
Heat
Fuel
Dispersion
Confinement
✔✔Hierarchy of actions to prevent dust explosions - ✔✔Eliminate the Risk.
Use controls to prevent explosions.
Provide controls to mitigate the risk.
✔✔Prevention of Dust Explosions - ✔✔Risk Assessment.
Elimination and reduction of dust as source.
Inerting.
Dust extraction systems.
Good housekeeping.
Avoidance of ignition sources.
✔✔Development of an Emergency Plan - ✔✔Identification of possible scenarios and
response.
Selection of those involved in plan development.
Identification of resources based on likelihood and consequences of events.
Identification of external emergency response and their availability.
Identification of on-site medical facilities and the availability of off site facilities.
✔✔Content of an Emergency Plan - ✔✔Systems for alerting and warning workers.
Responsibilities in the event of an emergency.
Expertise of teams responding to an incident.
Evacuation and shelter arrangements.
Emergency shut down of plant and services.
Management of vulnerable people and communities.
Definition of systems for accounting of workers. (Roll Call).
✔✔Tabletop Exercise in Emergency Management - ✔✔A classroom-based scenario
presented as a theoretical incident that the groups respond to in their team roles. They
run through the incident in an accelerated time frame, starting the information they
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Protection of Tanks from Extremes of Weather - ✔✔Tanks may need to be protected
from extremes of weather. In both hot and cold climates, the tank will be exposed to
wide variations in temperature. If this is assessed as an issue, the tank can be
insulated. High wind loadings may also affect the tank by causing distortions and
uplifting from the base.
Distortion can be limited by girding the tank with metal bands.
Trace heating may need to be provided on pipework for some materials.
✔✔The Triangle of Fire: - ✔✔Heat.
Oxygen.
Fuel.
✔✔Mechanisms of Heat Transfer: - ✔✔Conduction.
Convection.
Radiation.
✔✔Typical ignition sources - ✔✔Smoking.
Sparking.
Naked flames.
Electrical discharges.
Hot surfaces.
Mechanical friction.
Lighting.
✔✔Zoning/hazardous area classification - ✔✔For flamable vapors:
Zone 0: A place in which an explosive atmosphere is present continously.
Zone 1: A place in which an explosive atmosphere is likely to occur.
Zone 2: A place in which and explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal
operation.
For flammable dusts: An explosive atmosphere in the form of a cloud of combustible
dust in air: Zone 20, Zone 21, Zone 22.
✔✔Conditions for dust to become explosive - ✔✔Particle size.
Dispersal.
Explosive concentrations. Dust has indicative values like LEL 25-50 g per cubic meter
and UEL ten times the LEL.
Ignition energy.
, Heat and humidity.
✔✔Dust Explosion Pentagon - ✔✔Oxygen
Heat
Fuel
Dispersion
Confinement
✔✔Hierarchy of actions to prevent dust explosions - ✔✔Eliminate the Risk.
Use controls to prevent explosions.
Provide controls to mitigate the risk.
✔✔Prevention of Dust Explosions - ✔✔Risk Assessment.
Elimination and reduction of dust as source.
Inerting.
Dust extraction systems.
Good housekeeping.
Avoidance of ignition sources.
✔✔Development of an Emergency Plan - ✔✔Identification of possible scenarios and
response.
Selection of those involved in plan development.
Identification of resources based on likelihood and consequences of events.
Identification of external emergency response and their availability.
Identification of on-site medical facilities and the availability of off site facilities.
✔✔Content of an Emergency Plan - ✔✔Systems for alerting and warning workers.
Responsibilities in the event of an emergency.
Expertise of teams responding to an incident.
Evacuation and shelter arrangements.
Emergency shut down of plant and services.
Management of vulnerable people and communities.
Definition of systems for accounting of workers. (Roll Call).
✔✔Tabletop Exercise in Emergency Management - ✔✔A classroom-based scenario
presented as a theoretical incident that the groups respond to in their team roles. They
run through the incident in an accelerated time frame, starting the information they
