CHEM 1011 ACTUAL 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔osmotic pressure - ✔✔the pressure that must be applied to stop the movement of
solvent through the membrane
✔✔chemical kinetics - ✔✔a study of how quickly chemical reactions occur and the
factors that affect this speed
✔✔reaction rate - ✔✔speed of a chemical reaction; a measure of the change in reactant
concentrations over time
--> Rate= (concentration of A @t2 - conc of A @t1) / (t2-t1)
✔✔differences in reaction rates that are independent vs dependent of concentration of
reactant - ✔✔** if reaction rate is independent of concentration = the amount of reactant
consumed and time is LINEAR
** if the reaction rate is dependent of concentration of reactant, the relationship is
curvilinear
✔✔rate law equation - ✔✔rate = k [A]^x [B]^y
** A & B = the concentrations of the reactants
** x & y = the order of the reaction
✔✔zero order - ✔✔rate is independent of the reactnat's concentration and DOES NOT
appear in rate law
✔✔first order - ✔✔will have an exponent of one; rate is directly proportional to any
reactant (if concentration of reactant incrases by two (doubles) the rate will ALSO
double
✔✔second order - ✔✔appear in rate law as the concentration of the reactant squared; if
concentration of reactant is doubled, the rate will increase by a factor of 4
✔✔chemical system - ✔✔the reactants, products, and energy associated with a
chemical reaction
✔✔chemical equilibrium - ✔✔where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of
the reverse reaction; the concentrations of the reactants and products are CONSTANT
**dynamic equilibrium=ractions are stilll occurring even if reaction appears to have
stopped changed
**chem equilibrium occurs when free energy exist in the LOWEST possible vlaue
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔osmotic pressure - ✔✔the pressure that must be applied to stop the movement of
solvent through the membrane
✔✔chemical kinetics - ✔✔a study of how quickly chemical reactions occur and the
factors that affect this speed
✔✔reaction rate - ✔✔speed of a chemical reaction; a measure of the change in reactant
concentrations over time
--> Rate= (concentration of A @t2 - conc of A @t1) / (t2-t1)
✔✔differences in reaction rates that are independent vs dependent of concentration of
reactant - ✔✔** if reaction rate is independent of concentration = the amount of reactant
consumed and time is LINEAR
** if the reaction rate is dependent of concentration of reactant, the relationship is
curvilinear
✔✔rate law equation - ✔✔rate = k [A]^x [B]^y
** A & B = the concentrations of the reactants
** x & y = the order of the reaction
✔✔zero order - ✔✔rate is independent of the reactnat's concentration and DOES NOT
appear in rate law
✔✔first order - ✔✔will have an exponent of one; rate is directly proportional to any
reactant (if concentration of reactant incrases by two (doubles) the rate will ALSO
double
✔✔second order - ✔✔appear in rate law as the concentration of the reactant squared; if
concentration of reactant is doubled, the rate will increase by a factor of 4
✔✔chemical system - ✔✔the reactants, products, and energy associated with a
chemical reaction
✔✔chemical equilibrium - ✔✔where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of
the reverse reaction; the concentrations of the reactants and products are CONSTANT
**dynamic equilibrium=ractions are stilll occurring even if reaction appears to have
stopped changed
**chem equilibrium occurs when free energy exist in the LOWEST possible vlaue
