NSG 3280 Unit 1 Extra Practice Questions
Question 1
A nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient who was exposed to a known
viral pathogen 10 days ago but has not yet reported feeling ill. The time
interval between the patient’s exposure to the pathogen and the appearance
of the first signs and symptoms is defined as which period of pathogenesis?
A. Latent period B. Prodromal period C. Convalescence D. Incubation period
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 2
A patient admitted to the hospital for pneumonia develops acute kidney
injury (AKI) 48 hours after receiving an intravenous aminoglycoside
antibiotic. The patient asks why this new kidney problem occurred. The
nurse should explain that the AKI is an example of which type of etiology?
A. Idiopathic B. Endemic C. Iatrogenic D. Risk factor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 3
The nurse is educating a student about the body's acute stress response.
Which physiological effects are specifically attributed to the release of
catecholamines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)? (Select All That Apply)
A. Increased heart rate B. Decreased insulin secretion C. Increased heart
contractility (strength of contraction) D. Blood vessel constriction E.
Bronchodilation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 4
A patient with hypertension is diagnosed with physiological cardiac
changes. The enlargement of the patient's heart muscle cells is an example
of which cellular adaptation, and what is the underlying cause?
A. Atrophy; caused by disuse B. Hyperplasia; caused by persistent injury C.
Hypertrophy; caused by increased demands on the cell D. Dysplasia; caused
by an incorrect adaptive response
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
,Question 5
A patient suffers a severe ischemic stroke. The nurse anticipates that the
resulting cell death in the brain tissue will most likely manifest as which
type of necrosis, characterized by quick lysosomal destruction of dead cells
and tissue?
A. Caseous necrosis B. Fat necrosis C. Coagulative necrosis D. Liquefactive
necrosis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 6
A community health nurse is developing a program aimed at reducing the
incidence of obesity by hosting educational sessions on nutrition and
encouraging physical activity among susceptible individuals. This initiative
aligns with which level of prevention?
A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Convalescence
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 7
The release of cortisol during the resistance stage of the General
Adaptation Syndrome has profound metabolic effects. Which findings are
direct effects of increased cortisol levels? (Select All That Apply)
A. Increased breakdown of tissues into amino acids B. Decreased acute
immune and inflammatory response C. Gluconeogenesis D. Decreased
appetite E. Increased brain cell use of glucose
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 8
A patient enters the General Adaptation Syndrome due to chronic stress.
The body attempts to manage the challenge by adapting and restoring
balance, but this adaptation results in a new, slightly elevated set point for
physiological parameters. This adaptive process is best described as:
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, Question 9
A lung biopsy from a patient suspected of having tuberculosis reveals dead
cells that are "walled off" by the surrounding tissue and have a white,
clumpy appearance. This finding is characteristic of which specific type of
necrosis?
A. Fat necrosis B. Coagulative necrosis C. Caseous necrosis D. Liquefactive
necrosis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 10
The mechanism of reversible cell injury known as hydropic swelling is
fundamentally caused by:
A. Accumulation of abnormal, faulty metabolic substances. B. Malfunction of
the Na+/K+ pump due to decreased ATP production. C. Cellular damage
leading to activation of programmed cell death pathways. D. Ischemia
causing enzymes to break down cell walls.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 11
Fill in the blanks: A disease that is found to be native to and consistently
prevalent in a specific region of the United States is categorized
epidemiologically as ________. However, if the disease suddenly affects a
large geographic area globally, such as multiple continents, it is categorized
as a __________.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 12
A patient experiences a sudden, intense stressor. In the initial "Alarm" stage
of the General Adaptation Syndrome, the nurse would anticipate which
immediate hormonal response?
A. Decreased cortisol and decreased catecholamines B. Decreased
resistance to stressors and increased cortisol C. Resolution of excesses and
initiation of adaptation D. Prolonged exposure causing an inability to return
to homeostasis
Question 1
A nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient who was exposed to a known
viral pathogen 10 days ago but has not yet reported feeling ill. The time
interval between the patient’s exposure to the pathogen and the appearance
of the first signs and symptoms is defined as which period of pathogenesis?
A. Latent period B. Prodromal period C. Convalescence D. Incubation period
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 2
A patient admitted to the hospital for pneumonia develops acute kidney
injury (AKI) 48 hours after receiving an intravenous aminoglycoside
antibiotic. The patient asks why this new kidney problem occurred. The
nurse should explain that the AKI is an example of which type of etiology?
A. Idiopathic B. Endemic C. Iatrogenic D. Risk factor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 3
The nurse is educating a student about the body's acute stress response.
Which physiological effects are specifically attributed to the release of
catecholamines (Epinephrine and Norepinephrine)? (Select All That Apply)
A. Increased heart rate B. Decreased insulin secretion C. Increased heart
contractility (strength of contraction) D. Blood vessel constriction E.
Bronchodilation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 4
A patient with hypertension is diagnosed with physiological cardiac
changes. The enlargement of the patient's heart muscle cells is an example
of which cellular adaptation, and what is the underlying cause?
A. Atrophy; caused by disuse B. Hyperplasia; caused by persistent injury C.
Hypertrophy; caused by increased demands on the cell D. Dysplasia; caused
by an incorrect adaptive response
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
,Question 5
A patient suffers a severe ischemic stroke. The nurse anticipates that the
resulting cell death in the brain tissue will most likely manifest as which
type of necrosis, characterized by quick lysosomal destruction of dead cells
and tissue?
A. Caseous necrosis B. Fat necrosis C. Coagulative necrosis D. Liquefactive
necrosis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 6
A community health nurse is developing a program aimed at reducing the
incidence of obesity by hosting educational sessions on nutrition and
encouraging physical activity among susceptible individuals. This initiative
aligns with which level of prevention?
A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Convalescence
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 7
The release of cortisol during the resistance stage of the General
Adaptation Syndrome has profound metabolic effects. Which findings are
direct effects of increased cortisol levels? (Select All That Apply)
A. Increased breakdown of tissues into amino acids B. Decreased acute
immune and inflammatory response C. Gluconeogenesis D. Decreased
appetite E. Increased brain cell use of glucose
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 8
A patient enters the General Adaptation Syndrome due to chronic stress.
The body attempts to manage the challenge by adapting and restoring
balance, but this adaptation results in a new, slightly elevated set point for
physiological parameters. This adaptive process is best described as:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
, Question 9
A lung biopsy from a patient suspected of having tuberculosis reveals dead
cells that are "walled off" by the surrounding tissue and have a white,
clumpy appearance. This finding is characteristic of which specific type of
necrosis?
A. Fat necrosis B. Coagulative necrosis C. Caseous necrosis D. Liquefactive
necrosis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 10
The mechanism of reversible cell injury known as hydropic swelling is
fundamentally caused by:
A. Accumulation of abnormal, faulty metabolic substances. B. Malfunction of
the Na+/K+ pump due to decreased ATP production. C. Cellular damage
leading to activation of programmed cell death pathways. D. Ischemia
causing enzymes to break down cell walls.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 11
Fill in the blanks: A disease that is found to be native to and consistently
prevalent in a specific region of the United States is categorized
epidemiologically as ________. However, if the disease suddenly affects a
large geographic area globally, such as multiple continents, it is categorized
as a __________.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question 12
A patient experiences a sudden, intense stressor. In the initial "Alarm" stage
of the General Adaptation Syndrome, the nurse would anticipate which
immediate hormonal response?
A. Decreased cortisol and decreased catecholamines B. Decreased
resistance to stressors and increased cortisol C. Resolution of excesses and
initiation of adaptation D. Prolonged exposure causing an inability to return
to homeostasis
