NURS 2000 ACTUAL 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What are the drivers of problematic substance use? - ✔✔stigma and discrimination
poverty and the absence of social support
sisolation, rejection, abandonment
abuse, conflict
mental illness
✔✔Why is the opioid crisis a leading public health and safety concern? - ✔✔13.1% of
Canadian adults used opioids in 2015, among these individuals, 2.2% reported using
them for non-medical purposes
There are 3987 apparent deaths opioid-related deaths in 2017
✔✔What are the 4 components of the drug strategy? - ✔✔1) prevent
2) harm reduction
3) treatment and recovery
4) community safety
✔✔What are examples of harm reduction practices? - ✔✔1) prescribing inhalant
medication to open airways and reduce lung inflammation in smokers does not "heal"
nicotine addiction. It can save lives and improve the quality of life.
2) quadruple bypass surgery in overstressed type A-business executives does not heal
"workaholism"
3) insulin does not cure people whose eating patterns and sedentary habits have
triggered diabetes
4) intestinal bypass surgery in relief of morbid obesity does not cure food addiction
✔✔Why and how is legalizing cannabis a harm reduction strategy? - ✔✔Treats
cannabis use as a health issue as opposed to a legal one
destigmatization
cannabis act and youth
challenges with legalizing cannabis:
- inconsistent practice across provinces- public vs private sales- illegal sales- cannabis
business and industry- health risks are real -- require education regarding use- was the
public health system prepared?- driving under the influence, mental health, brain
development, lung health, etc- age of legalization
✔✔What can nurses do regarding harm reduction practices? - ✔✔- understand the
issue- self-awareness- surveillance- research- monitoring prescription use- education-
community outreach- de-criminalization- advocacy
,✔✔CNA, CANAC, and HRNA: what is harm reduction? - ✔✔evidence-based approach
for reducing the adverse health, social, and economic consequences of substance use
without requiring abstinence- emphasizes human rights and the importance of treating
all people with respect, dignity, and compassion- accepts persons as they are, including
their right to make choices about their health and their lives- aims to prevent death or
disability by supporting safer substance use for the health and safety of all individuals,
families, and communities
✔✔CNA, CANAC, and HRNA: what are some structural and social determinants of
health limiting someone who uses substances from accessing health care? -
✔✔colonialism
systemic racism
criminalization
inadequate housing
poverty
unemployment
lack of social support
✔✔CNA, CANAC, and HRNA: what are some examples of harm reduction programs? -
✔✔1) providing needle exchanges, rapid access to substance use care and safe
spaces for consumption of substances
2) providing lower-risk drinking or lower-risk cannabis use
3) reducing second-hand smoke exposure
4) using seatbelts, helmets and condoms
✔✔What is social justice? - ✔✔- the defense of human dignity by ensuring that essential
human needs are met and those essential human rights are protected for all people-
justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a
society- balance between the benefits and burdens for all citizens, resulting in fairness
and equity
✔✔What is distributive justice? - ✔✔perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of
rewards among individuals
✔✔What is oppression through personal prejudice? - ✔✔- involves discrimination and
prejudice
- discrimination = to act on the basis of difference
- prejudice = to prejudge without being aware of the facts
- it is to discriminate based upon one's personal biases
✔✔what is oppression through systems? - ✔✔- when personal prejudices become
embedded in societal structures and institutions
- primarily the prejudices of dominant groups
- leading to systemic oppression
, - does not mean the oppressed have no agency or cannot overcome the forces that
push them back
- anti-oppressive work is about evening the playing field
- e.g. health literacy
✔✔what is oppression through culture? - ✔✔dominant group using their social influence
to gain "cultural power" which is privilege based merely on that group's cultural identity
e.g. 2019 Charter of Quebec Values
- banning people from wearing religious items in the public sector (e.g. hijabs)
✔✔TRC Call to action: health - ✔✔- current state of Aboriginal health is directly result of
previous Canadian govt policies, including residential schools, and to recognize and
implement the health
-care rights of Aboriginal people as identified in international law, constitutional law, and
under the Treaties
- to identify and close the gaps in health outcomes between Aboriginal and non-
Aboriginal communities
- e.g. infant mortality, maternal mortality, suicide, mental health, addictions, life
expectancy, birth rates, infant and child health issues, chronic diseases, illness and
injury incidence, and the availability of appropriate health services
- to address the distinct health needs of the Metis, Inuit, and off-reserve Aboriginal
peoples
- providing funding for the healing centers in Nunavut and the NW Territories
- use of Aboriginal healing practices in collaboration with Aboriginal healers and Elders
as requested by Aboriginal patients
- increase the number of Aboriginal professionals working in the healthcare field
- ensure the retention of Aboriginal healthcare providers in Aboriginal communities
- provide cultural competency training for all HCPs- requesting all medical and nursing
schools in Canada to require students to take a course dealing with Aboriginal health
issues
✔✔Ibram X. Kendi says we are either being racist or antiracist, there is no middle
ground - ✔✔
✔✔What is DPSEEA? - ✔✔DPSEEA = driving force, pressure, state, exposure, effect,
actionPrimary barriers to environmental protection are NOT lack of knowledge, but
economic, institutional, political and socialDriving forces include: poverty, policies, urban
growth, population growth, macroeconomics Action: Preventative or remedial targeting
different points on the framework
✔✔Why are migrant workers in Canada at risk for exposure? - ✔✔A perfect storm of
SDH: Exposure to pesticides and climate extremes Poor living conditions, language
barrier, transportation issues Difficulty with access to health care Vulnerable status
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What are the drivers of problematic substance use? - ✔✔stigma and discrimination
poverty and the absence of social support
sisolation, rejection, abandonment
abuse, conflict
mental illness
✔✔Why is the opioid crisis a leading public health and safety concern? - ✔✔13.1% of
Canadian adults used opioids in 2015, among these individuals, 2.2% reported using
them for non-medical purposes
There are 3987 apparent deaths opioid-related deaths in 2017
✔✔What are the 4 components of the drug strategy? - ✔✔1) prevent
2) harm reduction
3) treatment and recovery
4) community safety
✔✔What are examples of harm reduction practices? - ✔✔1) prescribing inhalant
medication to open airways and reduce lung inflammation in smokers does not "heal"
nicotine addiction. It can save lives and improve the quality of life.
2) quadruple bypass surgery in overstressed type A-business executives does not heal
"workaholism"
3) insulin does not cure people whose eating patterns and sedentary habits have
triggered diabetes
4) intestinal bypass surgery in relief of morbid obesity does not cure food addiction
✔✔Why and how is legalizing cannabis a harm reduction strategy? - ✔✔Treats
cannabis use as a health issue as opposed to a legal one
destigmatization
cannabis act and youth
challenges with legalizing cannabis:
- inconsistent practice across provinces- public vs private sales- illegal sales- cannabis
business and industry- health risks are real -- require education regarding use- was the
public health system prepared?- driving under the influence, mental health, brain
development, lung health, etc- age of legalization
✔✔What can nurses do regarding harm reduction practices? - ✔✔- understand the
issue- self-awareness- surveillance- research- monitoring prescription use- education-
community outreach- de-criminalization- advocacy
,✔✔CNA, CANAC, and HRNA: what is harm reduction? - ✔✔evidence-based approach
for reducing the adverse health, social, and economic consequences of substance use
without requiring abstinence- emphasizes human rights and the importance of treating
all people with respect, dignity, and compassion- accepts persons as they are, including
their right to make choices about their health and their lives- aims to prevent death or
disability by supporting safer substance use for the health and safety of all individuals,
families, and communities
✔✔CNA, CANAC, and HRNA: what are some structural and social determinants of
health limiting someone who uses substances from accessing health care? -
✔✔colonialism
systemic racism
criminalization
inadequate housing
poverty
unemployment
lack of social support
✔✔CNA, CANAC, and HRNA: what are some examples of harm reduction programs? -
✔✔1) providing needle exchanges, rapid access to substance use care and safe
spaces for consumption of substances
2) providing lower-risk drinking or lower-risk cannabis use
3) reducing second-hand smoke exposure
4) using seatbelts, helmets and condoms
✔✔What is social justice? - ✔✔- the defense of human dignity by ensuring that essential
human needs are met and those essential human rights are protected for all people-
justice in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a
society- balance between the benefits and burdens for all citizens, resulting in fairness
and equity
✔✔What is distributive justice? - ✔✔perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of
rewards among individuals
✔✔What is oppression through personal prejudice? - ✔✔- involves discrimination and
prejudice
- discrimination = to act on the basis of difference
- prejudice = to prejudge without being aware of the facts
- it is to discriminate based upon one's personal biases
✔✔what is oppression through systems? - ✔✔- when personal prejudices become
embedded in societal structures and institutions
- primarily the prejudices of dominant groups
- leading to systemic oppression
, - does not mean the oppressed have no agency or cannot overcome the forces that
push them back
- anti-oppressive work is about evening the playing field
- e.g. health literacy
✔✔what is oppression through culture? - ✔✔dominant group using their social influence
to gain "cultural power" which is privilege based merely on that group's cultural identity
e.g. 2019 Charter of Quebec Values
- banning people from wearing religious items in the public sector (e.g. hijabs)
✔✔TRC Call to action: health - ✔✔- current state of Aboriginal health is directly result of
previous Canadian govt policies, including residential schools, and to recognize and
implement the health
-care rights of Aboriginal people as identified in international law, constitutional law, and
under the Treaties
- to identify and close the gaps in health outcomes between Aboriginal and non-
Aboriginal communities
- e.g. infant mortality, maternal mortality, suicide, mental health, addictions, life
expectancy, birth rates, infant and child health issues, chronic diseases, illness and
injury incidence, and the availability of appropriate health services
- to address the distinct health needs of the Metis, Inuit, and off-reserve Aboriginal
peoples
- providing funding for the healing centers in Nunavut and the NW Territories
- use of Aboriginal healing practices in collaboration with Aboriginal healers and Elders
as requested by Aboriginal patients
- increase the number of Aboriginal professionals working in the healthcare field
- ensure the retention of Aboriginal healthcare providers in Aboriginal communities
- provide cultural competency training for all HCPs- requesting all medical and nursing
schools in Canada to require students to take a course dealing with Aboriginal health
issues
✔✔Ibram X. Kendi says we are either being racist or antiracist, there is no middle
ground - ✔✔
✔✔What is DPSEEA? - ✔✔DPSEEA = driving force, pressure, state, exposure, effect,
actionPrimary barriers to environmental protection are NOT lack of knowledge, but
economic, institutional, political and socialDriving forces include: poverty, policies, urban
growth, population growth, macroeconomics Action: Preventative or remedial targeting
different points on the framework
✔✔Why are migrant workers in Canada at risk for exposure? - ✔✔A perfect storm of
SDH: Exposure to pesticides and climate extremes Poor living conditions, language
barrier, transportation issues Difficulty with access to health care Vulnerable status
