AACVPR CORE EXAM TEST QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
✔✔Name two pharmacological agents that help smoking intervention
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction -
✔✔Buproprion and nicotine replacement
✔✔Recidivism rate for smoking appears to be almost ____ at 1 year after the attempt to
quit
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔93%
✔✔Patients with CHD Lipid Goals
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction -
✔✔Cholesterol less than 200
LDL less than 70
HDL greater than 40
Triglycerides less than 150
Non-HDL cholesterol less than 130
✔✔What two interventions potentiates the effects of pharmacological dyslipidemia
therapy?
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔dietary
and exercise interventions
✔✔The epidemiological literature shows that diets should contain monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fatty acids in place of saturated fatty acids and hydrogenated and
partially hydrogenated fats; refined carbohydrates should be limited and replaced with
whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts; and that omega-3 fats from fish oil or plant
sources should be increased.
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔What are
MUFA, PUFA, SAFA?
✔✔______ should be limited to less than 7% of total calories.
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔SAFA
✔✔Name the two landmark trials of dietary intervention in secondary prevention of
CHD.
, Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔Lyon Diet
Heart Study and DART (Diet and Reinfarction Trial)
✔✔The replacement of _______ and ________ with _______, ________, and
_________ has been shown to lower cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL and to
modestly raise HDL and is associated with lower all cause and cardiovascular mortality
rates in patients with CHD.
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔saturated
and hydrogenated fats with monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and particularly omega-
3 fats
✔✔_______ has potent negative effects on endothelial function and plaque stability
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔Oxidized
LDL, goals to lower both concentration and particle size, target is less than 70
Also, soluble fiber helps reduce LDL
✔✔Lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, atorstatin, rosuvastatin
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔Statin
Drugs used to lower LDLs
Decrease LDLs by 20% to 60%
Liver disease is a contraindication to use
May interaction with grapefruit
Gastrointestinal complaints are a major adverse side effect
✔✔Cholestyramine and colestipol are bile acid sequestrants used to
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔lower
LDL, can decrease LDL by 10% to 20%
Major adverse side affects are gastrointestinal complaints, decreased absorption of
other drugs, and possible pancreatitis
✔✔Nicotinic acids are used in lipid reduction
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔crystalline
nicotinic acid, niaspan; major adverse effects include flushing, hepatotoxicity, use with
caution with gout, non-insulin dependent diabetes.
✔✔VA-HIT (Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial)
showed
GRADED A+
✔✔Name two pharmacological agents that help smoking intervention
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction -
✔✔Buproprion and nicotine replacement
✔✔Recidivism rate for smoking appears to be almost ____ at 1 year after the attempt to
quit
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔93%
✔✔Patients with CHD Lipid Goals
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction -
✔✔Cholesterol less than 200
LDL less than 70
HDL greater than 40
Triglycerides less than 150
Non-HDL cholesterol less than 130
✔✔What two interventions potentiates the effects of pharmacological dyslipidemia
therapy?
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔dietary
and exercise interventions
✔✔The epidemiological literature shows that diets should contain monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fatty acids in place of saturated fatty acids and hydrogenated and
partially hydrogenated fats; refined carbohydrates should be limited and replaced with
whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and nuts; and that omega-3 fats from fish oil or plant
sources should be increased.
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔What are
MUFA, PUFA, SAFA?
✔✔______ should be limited to less than 7% of total calories.
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔SAFA
✔✔Name the two landmark trials of dietary intervention in secondary prevention of
CHD.
, Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔Lyon Diet
Heart Study and DART (Diet and Reinfarction Trial)
✔✔The replacement of _______ and ________ with _______, ________, and
_________ has been shown to lower cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL and to
modestly raise HDL and is associated with lower all cause and cardiovascular mortality
rates in patients with CHD.
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔saturated
and hydrogenated fats with monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and particularly omega-
3 fats
✔✔_______ has potent negative effects on endothelial function and plaque stability
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔Oxidized
LDL, goals to lower both concentration and particle size, target is less than 70
Also, soluble fiber helps reduce LDL
✔✔Lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, atorstatin, rosuvastatin
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔Statin
Drugs used to lower LDLs
Decrease LDLs by 20% to 60%
Liver disease is a contraindication to use
May interaction with grapefruit
Gastrointestinal complaints are a major adverse side effect
✔✔Cholestyramine and colestipol are bile acid sequestrants used to
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔lower
LDL, can decrease LDL by 10% to 20%
Major adverse side affects are gastrointestinal complaints, decreased absorption of
other drugs, and possible pancreatitis
✔✔Nicotinic acids are used in lipid reduction
Chapter 3: Efficacy of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factor Reduction - ✔✔crystalline
nicotinic acid, niaspan; major adverse effects include flushing, hepatotoxicity, use with
caution with gout, non-insulin dependent diabetes.
✔✔VA-HIT (Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial)
showed
