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BIO152 - Module 1
BIO152 - Module 1 |2025-2026 LATEST UPDATED| REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED | ALREADY
GRADED A+
Why is evolution considered to be the central theory of biology? How does it shape scientist's work in forming and
testing hypotheses? (22.1) - (answer)This is because the evolution of many different organisms, and the natural causes
(mechanisms) of evolution, over time have had many implications on the observations that we make about life, and
therefore, has raised new questions that would lead to new hypotheses and observations to be analyzed and tested.
Why can evolution be directly observed in bacteria, but not in humans? (22.1) - (answer)This is because bacteria
reproduce at a much faster rate than humans do, and so mutations that can cause allele frequency changes in a bacterial
population are much more frequent, and thus easier to observe.
What are the steps in the process of evolution? (22.1) - (answer)This process occurs in a series of natural events caused
by outside forces (mechanisms) that can or will cause the observed change in a species. In this way, we are able to
explain and connect the observations we make about the living world.
How does fossil evidence support the theory of evolution? (22.1) - (answer)This essentially spotlighted the idea that slow
but gradual change in the physiological/anatomical structures of species happened over time, causing the phenomenon
that we know as "evolution". It was the idea that deeper strata (which were older) would reveal fossils that were older
than the more shallow (and younger) strata, and that the differences between these fossils would prove that evolution of
species existed.
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BIO152 - Module 1
What are the Galapagos finches? How did they diverge from one another? Why are island chains a good place to observe
evolutionary change? (22.1) - (answer)They are a diverse set of finches that are found only on the many islands of the
Galapagos chain. I would assume that they have diverged from one another because the different islands in the chain had
different foods available to them, and so the organisms honed out anatomical features that would be optimal to consume
the food available to them in that island. Island chains are a good place to observe evolutionary change because the area
to cover is very small, and there are multiple islands with probably different geography in a given chain as well, so that
would encourage rapid adaptation of a given species to that environment that can be observed in one's lifetime.
What were Darwin's observations and inferences made in the Galapagos Islands? (22.1) - (answer)He theorized that the
adaptations of the finches were caused by an idea called "natural selection", in which organisms with certain traits have a
better chance of surviving and reproducing than others, specifically because of said traits.
How is evolutionary theory relevant to healthcare? (22.1) - (answer)A prime example of this theory in this setting is the
emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, and this is concerning because there is only so many medications that we can make
before there are strains that are resistant to most, if not all, drugs. Bacteria also have the ability to exchange genes with
other bacterial species, and so resistance to a given drug is built up really quickly across rapidly breeding generations.
What is the role of mutation in evolution? (23.1) - (answer)These ensure that genetic variation will exist so that the
population can continue to evolve and adapt to their environments.
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BIO152 - Module 1
What does it mean to say that evolution happens to populations rather than to individuals? (23.1) - (answer)This happens
to populations rather than to individuals because there are individuals with varying genetics in a given population, and if
those genetics are better suited for the environment that the population is in, then those individuals will survive and
reproduce in higher frequencies, changing the population dynamic.
How is the Hardy-Weinberg equation useful for understanding evolutionary change? (23.1) - (answer)This equation
measures the allele frequencies for a certain allele in a population, and thus if these frequencies do change over time, we
can conclude that the population is "evolving". Thus, this equilibrium helps us figure out which populations were
evolving over time, versus which populations have stayed the same.
What is genetic drift? (23.2) - (answer)This is a phenomenon where events of any sort or nature that can happen
randomly can throw allele frequencies in a population in flux (typically it affects smaller populations more profoundly).
What is the founder effect? What is the bottleneck effect? How does the bottleneck effect affect endangered species?
(23.2) - (answer)This is a phenomenon where an event of any sort or nature causes a few members of a population (and
their alleles) to be isolated from the rest, causing the emergence of a new species with a very different gene pool. The
other phenomenon is something in which a chance event significantly reduces the size of a population, causing allele
frequencies to change (in which some may be unfairly represented). This effect can wipe out certain alleles in
endangered species, that can make them even more unsuited to the environment they have adapted to for millennia,
causing the extinction of that species.
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BIO152 - Module 1
What is Gene Flow? How does it relate to human evolution? (23.2) - (answer)This is the idea that genetic differences
across two species can be reduced in subsequent generations through movement of fertile individuals (and thus alleles)
between them. This is becoming an ever more important idea because of the fact that the human species is very
interconnected, and so mating between ethnicities with little shared history in the past is more common, and thus reduces
genetic difference between humans.
What factors make an individual "fit" for an environment? (23.3) - (answer)These factors really depend on the
environment itself, and what it entails in order for the organism to survive. Some traits allow an organism to exercise
greater relative fitness than others.
How did an understanding of evolution help scientists discover why sickle cell disease became widespread among certain
human populations? (23.3) - (answer)Scientists understood that the phenomenon of heterozygote advantage (where
people who are heterozygous for an allele have the upper hand) existed, and so they concluded that in malaria-prone
regions like Africa, people who were heterozygous and had both a sickle-cell and a normal allele for said locus will avoid
the worst of malaria (another major killer in these regions), and not be prone to clogging of vessels by sickle-shaped
cells.Natural Selection uses random genetic changes, it cannot anticipate future needs. - (answer)True
How did Darwin explain the differences in beak shape among Galapagos finches? - (answer)as adaptations to eating
different foods
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BIO152 - Module 1
BIO152 - Module 1 |2025-2026 LATEST UPDATED| REAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED | ALREADY
GRADED A+
Why is evolution considered to be the central theory of biology? How does it shape scientist's work in forming and
testing hypotheses? (22.1) - (answer)This is because the evolution of many different organisms, and the natural causes
(mechanisms) of evolution, over time have had many implications on the observations that we make about life, and
therefore, has raised new questions that would lead to new hypotheses and observations to be analyzed and tested.
Why can evolution be directly observed in bacteria, but not in humans? (22.1) - (answer)This is because bacteria
reproduce at a much faster rate than humans do, and so mutations that can cause allele frequency changes in a bacterial
population are much more frequent, and thus easier to observe.
What are the steps in the process of evolution? (22.1) - (answer)This process occurs in a series of natural events caused
by outside forces (mechanisms) that can or will cause the observed change in a species. In this way, we are able to
explain and connect the observations we make about the living world.
How does fossil evidence support the theory of evolution? (22.1) - (answer)This essentially spotlighted the idea that slow
but gradual change in the physiological/anatomical structures of species happened over time, causing the phenomenon
that we know as "evolution". It was the idea that deeper strata (which were older) would reveal fossils that were older
than the more shallow (and younger) strata, and that the differences between these fossils would prove that evolution of
species existed.
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Distribution Questions & Verified
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BIO152 - Module 1
What are the Galapagos finches? How did they diverge from one another? Why are island chains a good place to observe
evolutionary change? (22.1) - (answer)They are a diverse set of finches that are found only on the many islands of the
Galapagos chain. I would assume that they have diverged from one another because the different islands in the chain had
different foods available to them, and so the organisms honed out anatomical features that would be optimal to consume
the food available to them in that island. Island chains are a good place to observe evolutionary change because the area
to cover is very small, and there are multiple islands with probably different geography in a given chain as well, so that
would encourage rapid adaptation of a given species to that environment that can be observed in one's lifetime.
What were Darwin's observations and inferences made in the Galapagos Islands? (22.1) - (answer)He theorized that the
adaptations of the finches were caused by an idea called "natural selection", in which organisms with certain traits have a
better chance of surviving and reproducing than others, specifically because of said traits.
How is evolutionary theory relevant to healthcare? (22.1) - (answer)A prime example of this theory in this setting is the
emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, and this is concerning because there is only so many medications that we can make
before there are strains that are resistant to most, if not all, drugs. Bacteria also have the ability to exchange genes with
other bacterial species, and so resistance to a given drug is built up really quickly across rapidly breeding generations.
What is the role of mutation in evolution? (23.1) - (answer)These ensure that genetic variation will exist so that the
population can continue to evolve and adapt to their environments.
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Distribution Questions & Verified
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BIO152 - Module 1
What does it mean to say that evolution happens to populations rather than to individuals? (23.1) - (answer)This happens
to populations rather than to individuals because there are individuals with varying genetics in a given population, and if
those genetics are better suited for the environment that the population is in, then those individuals will survive and
reproduce in higher frequencies, changing the population dynamic.
How is the Hardy-Weinberg equation useful for understanding evolutionary change? (23.1) - (answer)This equation
measures the allele frequencies for a certain allele in a population, and thus if these frequencies do change over time, we
can conclude that the population is "evolving". Thus, this equilibrium helps us figure out which populations were
evolving over time, versus which populations have stayed the same.
What is genetic drift? (23.2) - (answer)This is a phenomenon where events of any sort or nature that can happen
randomly can throw allele frequencies in a population in flux (typically it affects smaller populations more profoundly).
What is the founder effect? What is the bottleneck effect? How does the bottleneck effect affect endangered species?
(23.2) - (answer)This is a phenomenon where an event of any sort or nature causes a few members of a population (and
their alleles) to be isolated from the rest, causing the emergence of a new species with a very different gene pool. The
other phenomenon is something in which a chance event significantly reduces the size of a population, causing allele
frequencies to change (in which some may be unfairly represented). This effect can wipe out certain alleles in
endangered species, that can make them even more unsuited to the environment they have adapted to for millennia,
causing the extinction of that species.
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Distribution Questions & Verified
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is illegal extra per year? 4
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BIO152 - Module 1
What is Gene Flow? How does it relate to human evolution? (23.2) - (answer)This is the idea that genetic differences
across two species can be reduced in subsequent generations through movement of fertile individuals (and thus alleles)
between them. This is becoming an ever more important idea because of the fact that the human species is very
interconnected, and so mating between ethnicities with little shared history in the past is more common, and thus reduces
genetic difference between humans.
What factors make an individual "fit" for an environment? (23.3) - (answer)These factors really depend on the
environment itself, and what it entails in order for the organism to survive. Some traits allow an organism to exercise
greater relative fitness than others.
How did an understanding of evolution help scientists discover why sickle cell disease became widespread among certain
human populations? (23.3) - (answer)Scientists understood that the phenomenon of heterozygote advantage (where
people who are heterozygous for an allele have the upper hand) existed, and so they concluded that in malaria-prone
regions like Africa, people who were heterozygous and had both a sickle-cell and a normal allele for said locus will avoid
the worst of malaria (another major killer in these regions), and not be prone to clogging of vessels by sickle-shaped
cells.Natural Selection uses random genetic changes, it cannot anticipate future needs. - (answer)True
How did Darwin explain the differences in beak shape among Galapagos finches? - (answer)as adaptations to eating
different foods
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