Approaches
in
Psychology
,Behaviourism : the Learning Approach
Spec The approach including classical and Pavlov's of reinforcement
behaviourist
conditioning research , operant
conditioning types
:
,
+
Skinner's research
behaviourist approach : a Assumptions :
(black
way of explaining behav--only interested in
studying observable behaviour box approach)
your in terms of What is behaviourists (e g John B Watson) rejected introspection as it involved too
many vague concepts that were
early
. . .
Observable difficult to measure
classical
conditioning maintain
objectivity through lab experiments
-
:
learning by association--suggest that there are basic processes that govern learning in all species classical + operant conditioning
:
occurs When two stimuli
Classical
are
repeatedly pained conditioning :
(unconditioned+ association. It was first Ivan Parlor
together This involves learning through observed
by ,
who revealed that
dogs could
neutral Stimulus) + the be taught to salivate at the sound of a bell. The
dogs heard the bell (neutral Stimulus) before / Whilst they
neutral stimulus
eventually were eating food (another Stimulus) Originally they only .
,
salivated (neutral response) to the
sight of food but
produces the same response as they associated food With the bell ,
the bell (conditionedStimulus) caused them to salivate (conditioned
that was first produced response) .
sole unlearned stimulus
by
operant conditioning learning :
through behaviour +
consequences Creinforcement)
reinforcement :
a consequence
of behaviour that increases
the likelihood of that action
being repeated.
negative taking Operant conditioning
i
rei : .e .
:
that is B F Skinner that learnt behaviour is a response to
something away . .
suggested learning is an active process and a reward
bad (e .
g
.
no homework) punishment .
for
·
positive vei.
:
i e
.
giving positive reinforcement- When someone is rewarded a certain behaviour + thus this behaviour is repeated
something good (e
.
g
.
(e g stickers)
. .
Sticker
negative reinforcement- when someone avoids something unpleasant Ceg .
someone
handing in homework to avoid
being told off .
punishment an unpleasant consequence of unwanted behaviour (e g being . -
told off).
Shinner
displayed his results with a Skinner's rat box , where a rat would be rewarded for progressive
behaviour that led it to leaver .
pushing a
Evaluation :
~ scientific
credibility due to
being rooted in
replicability +
objectivity Xignores the
possibility of free will as behaviour is result of reinforcement history
~ real-life application (e g . .
economy/teaching) X ethical issues in animal experimentation
X animals are seen as passive who conscious processes which ,
may be difficult when
assuming that they can associate behaviour + stimuli
in
Psychology
,Behaviourism : the Learning Approach
Spec The approach including classical and Pavlov's of reinforcement
behaviourist
conditioning research , operant
conditioning types
:
,
+
Skinner's research
behaviourist approach : a Assumptions :
(black
way of explaining behav--only interested in
studying observable behaviour box approach)
your in terms of What is behaviourists (e g John B Watson) rejected introspection as it involved too
many vague concepts that were
early
. . .
Observable difficult to measure
classical
conditioning maintain
objectivity through lab experiments
-
:
learning by association--suggest that there are basic processes that govern learning in all species classical + operant conditioning
:
occurs When two stimuli
Classical
are
repeatedly pained conditioning :
(unconditioned+ association. It was first Ivan Parlor
together This involves learning through observed
by ,
who revealed that
dogs could
neutral Stimulus) + the be taught to salivate at the sound of a bell. The
dogs heard the bell (neutral Stimulus) before / Whilst they
neutral stimulus
eventually were eating food (another Stimulus) Originally they only .
,
salivated (neutral response) to the
sight of food but
produces the same response as they associated food With the bell ,
the bell (conditionedStimulus) caused them to salivate (conditioned
that was first produced response) .
sole unlearned stimulus
by
operant conditioning learning :
through behaviour +
consequences Creinforcement)
reinforcement :
a consequence
of behaviour that increases
the likelihood of that action
being repeated.
negative taking Operant conditioning
i
rei : .e .
:
that is B F Skinner that learnt behaviour is a response to
something away . .
suggested learning is an active process and a reward
bad (e .
g
.
no homework) punishment .
for
·
positive vei.
:
i e
.
giving positive reinforcement- When someone is rewarded a certain behaviour + thus this behaviour is repeated
something good (e
.
g
.
(e g stickers)
. .
Sticker
negative reinforcement- when someone avoids something unpleasant Ceg .
someone
handing in homework to avoid
being told off .
punishment an unpleasant consequence of unwanted behaviour (e g being . -
told off).
Shinner
displayed his results with a Skinner's rat box , where a rat would be rewarded for progressive
behaviour that led it to leaver .
pushing a
Evaluation :
~ scientific
credibility due to
being rooted in
replicability +
objectivity Xignores the
possibility of free will as behaviour is result of reinforcement history
~ real-life application (e g . .
economy/teaching) X ethical issues in animal experimentation
X animals are seen as passive who conscious processes which ,
may be difficult when
assuming that they can associate behaviour + stimuli
