Comprehensive Questions
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1. 1. Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower;
she tries but cannot build a
tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later,
Susie builds a four-block
tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the
inability to build the tower on
her own is known as Answer: Answer: The zone of proximal development (this is a range of
tasks that are too diflcult for children to do alone, but possible with help)
2. According to Erickson, when an individual fails to develop a strong
sense of identity, the
individual will have troubles with the development of Answer: Answer:
Intimacy (individuals who fail to attain a lower level of development will fail to attain the next
higher level).
3. Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's
theory of personality
development? Answer: Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
4. Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks
why, his father responds,
"Because I said so." The father's response is most representative of
which parenting style? Answer: Authoritarian (uses coercion and psychological control to
discipline children)
5. Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of
"surrogate mothers" to
investigate which factors are important in early development and
attachment.
According to
his findings, baby monkeys Answer: Answer: Preferred a soft terry cloth mother to a
wire mesh mother than holds a bottle.
6. Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United
States? Answer: Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge.
7. Cody does what his parents say because he doesn't want to lose
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his television privileges.
This is an example of what level in Kohlberg's theory of moral
development? Answer: -
Preconventional (the individual is most concerned with consequences)
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8. Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According
to Piaget,
Jack finds
this game fun because he has acquired , which is one of the
primary tasks of the
sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. Answer: Object permanenc
9. The theorist associated with bonding and attachment is Answer:
Answer: Bowlby
10. Henry, a 72-year-old widower, reminisces with his daughter
about his life. He talks
about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erikson's Answer:
Answer: Ego integrity stage
11. When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often
engage in
aggression than boys. Answer: Relational
12. All of the following are physical characteristics of Down
Syndrome EXCEPT Answer: -
Answer: Large hands and feet
13. Which of the following statements is true when
considering cultural and familial
influences on self-esteem? Answer: An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to
have especially high self-esteem
14. Research on gay and lesbian couples Answer: They are as dedicated to and as
ettective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents.
15. In the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat
the prisoners harshly? Answer: It was the social context that determined the behaviors of
both the guards and the
prisoners. In the Stanford prison study, the setting was so realistic that the
participants became guards and prisoners. Their personal identities were
masked by the context of being in a prison as either a guard or a