KNS 350 EXAM #3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Osteoporosis - Answers -- porous bone
- is a disease characterized by abnormally low bone mass and microstructural
deterioration of bone tissue that leads to brittle bones and increased risk of fractures
How many standard deviations below normal is bone mineral density representing
osteopenia in adults aged 20-29? - Answers -between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations
below
According to WHO, what is the criteria of bone mineral density for osteoporosis? -
Answers -Bone mineral density 2.5 or more below the mean if a young adult reference
population
True or False: The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated the ~5% of men and
nearly ~7% of women worldwide had low bone mineral density. - Answers -TRUE
In 2016, how many deaths were estimated to be from falls in the United States? -
Answers -30,000
About ___% of patients who fracture a hip die in the year following the fracture, and
___% of the survivors become dependent on others for care. - Answers -30%, 50%
Primary Osteoporosis - Answers -includes age-related (type 1, or senile) bone loss and
postmenopausal (type 2) bone loss
Secondary Osteoporosis - Answers -caused by another disease but may not be
independent of age or menopause
For each standard deviation decline in bone mass in the hip, the risk of fracture
increases by how much? - Answers -Threefold
What is a woman's lifetime risk of hip fracture equal to? - Answers -combined risk of
breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer
How does regular exercise combined with calcium supplements compare to either
exercise or calcium alone when it comes to bone formation during skeletal growth in
children? - Answers -Regular exercise combined with calcium increase bone cell
formation during skeletal growth in children more so than exercise or calcium alone
(National Osteoporosis Foundation)
What are the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis? - Answers -cigarette smoking,
excessive alcohol intake, physical inactivity
, What intensity of exercise is recommended for bone health in adults? - Answers -Bone-
loading forces that have moderate-to-high magnitude
What duration of exercise is recommended for bone health in adults? - Answers -30 to
60 minutes each session or day consisting of a combination of bone-loading activities
that involve major muscle groups
What is the dose response of physical activity and osteoporosis? - Answers -There is
no evidence regarding whether the effects of physical activity on peak bone mass in
youth and young adulthood depend on the type or intensity of physical activity.
Cancer - Answers -a family of related diseases that result from uncontrolled growth and
spread of abnormal cells, which usually becomes a tumor
True or False: The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated there were about 9.6
million deaths worldwide attributed to cancers in 2017, accounting for 23% of all deaths
from noncommunicable diseases. - Answers -TRUE
Carcinomas - Answers -cancers that arise from epithelial cells
Is there evidence between physical activity and reduced risk of cancer mortality? -
Answers -Evidence is moderately strong that physical activity after diagnosis of breast,
colorectal, or prostate cancers reduce risks of all-cause mortality or cancer-specific
deaths by about 40%
The highest exposure to physical activity lowered the risk of ___ cancers. - Answers -
13
In regard to colorectal cancers, what happens to the five-year survival rate after regional
metastasis? - Answers -Goes down to 70%, it is merely 14% after metastasis to distant
sites
`True or False: Next to skin cancers, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among
women accounting for one of every three cancer diagnoses in the United States. -
Answers -TRUE
In the United States, how many women were predicted to die from breast cancer in
2020? - Answers -42,000
Where does breast cancer rank in regard to mortality compared to other cancers -
Answers -2nd only to lung cancer mortality
What are the stages of breast cancer? - Answers -0, I, II, III, IV
Women who started menstruating before age 12 have a ___% greater breast cancer
risk than those who started at age 15 or later. - Answers -50%
Osteoporosis - Answers -- porous bone
- is a disease characterized by abnormally low bone mass and microstructural
deterioration of bone tissue that leads to brittle bones and increased risk of fractures
How many standard deviations below normal is bone mineral density representing
osteopenia in adults aged 20-29? - Answers -between 1 and 2.5 standard deviations
below
According to WHO, what is the criteria of bone mineral density for osteoporosis? -
Answers -Bone mineral density 2.5 or more below the mean if a young adult reference
population
True or False: The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated the ~5% of men and
nearly ~7% of women worldwide had low bone mineral density. - Answers -TRUE
In 2016, how many deaths were estimated to be from falls in the United States? -
Answers -30,000
About ___% of patients who fracture a hip die in the year following the fracture, and
___% of the survivors become dependent on others for care. - Answers -30%, 50%
Primary Osteoporosis - Answers -includes age-related (type 1, or senile) bone loss and
postmenopausal (type 2) bone loss
Secondary Osteoporosis - Answers -caused by another disease but may not be
independent of age or menopause
For each standard deviation decline in bone mass in the hip, the risk of fracture
increases by how much? - Answers -Threefold
What is a woman's lifetime risk of hip fracture equal to? - Answers -combined risk of
breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer
How does regular exercise combined with calcium supplements compare to either
exercise or calcium alone when it comes to bone formation during skeletal growth in
children? - Answers -Regular exercise combined with calcium increase bone cell
formation during skeletal growth in children more so than exercise or calcium alone
(National Osteoporosis Foundation)
What are the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis? - Answers -cigarette smoking,
excessive alcohol intake, physical inactivity
, What intensity of exercise is recommended for bone health in adults? - Answers -Bone-
loading forces that have moderate-to-high magnitude
What duration of exercise is recommended for bone health in adults? - Answers -30 to
60 minutes each session or day consisting of a combination of bone-loading activities
that involve major muscle groups
What is the dose response of physical activity and osteoporosis? - Answers -There is
no evidence regarding whether the effects of physical activity on peak bone mass in
youth and young adulthood depend on the type or intensity of physical activity.
Cancer - Answers -a family of related diseases that result from uncontrolled growth and
spread of abnormal cells, which usually becomes a tumor
True or False: The Global Burden of Disease Study estimated there were about 9.6
million deaths worldwide attributed to cancers in 2017, accounting for 23% of all deaths
from noncommunicable diseases. - Answers -TRUE
Carcinomas - Answers -cancers that arise from epithelial cells
Is there evidence between physical activity and reduced risk of cancer mortality? -
Answers -Evidence is moderately strong that physical activity after diagnosis of breast,
colorectal, or prostate cancers reduce risks of all-cause mortality or cancer-specific
deaths by about 40%
The highest exposure to physical activity lowered the risk of ___ cancers. - Answers -
13
In regard to colorectal cancers, what happens to the five-year survival rate after regional
metastasis? - Answers -Goes down to 70%, it is merely 14% after metastasis to distant
sites
`True or False: Next to skin cancers, breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among
women accounting for one of every three cancer diagnoses in the United States. -
Answers -TRUE
In the United States, how many women were predicted to die from breast cancer in
2020? - Answers -42,000
Where does breast cancer rank in regard to mortality compared to other cancers -
Answers -2nd only to lung cancer mortality
What are the stages of breast cancer? - Answers -0, I, II, III, IV
Women who started menstruating before age 12 have a ___% greater breast cancer
risk than those who started at age 15 or later. - Answers -50%
