TPATC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Safety0policy0-
0ans✔establishes0management's0commitment0and0responsibility,0the0accountabilities,0t
he0appointment0of0key0safety0personnel,0the0coordination0of0emergency0response0pla
nning,0and0SMS0documentation.0
Lays0the0foundation0on0which0SMS0functions.
Risk0Management0-
0ans✔Has0two0elements:0hazard0identification0%0risk0assessment/mitigation.
Hazards0are0conditions0or0objects0with0potential0to0cause0harm,0damage0or0reduce0fu
nctionality0of0personnel/equipment.
sleep0inertia0-
0ans✔a0condition0resulting0in0impaired0alertness0(rarely0exceeds0300minutes0after0wak
ing)0and0slows0the0speed0of0cognitive0tasks.0
This0can0be0reduced0by0napping0fewer0than0200minutes0or0900minutes.
850decibels0-0ans✔The0threshold0for0safe0hearing/noise0exposure.
emergency0locator0transmitter0(ELT)0-
0ans✔all0EMS0aircraft0are0required0by0FAA0to0carry0this.0
Designed0to0emit0radio0signal0on0a0frequency0121.f,02430or0406.0250MHz.0This0signal0
is0received0by0satellites0and0relayed0to0rescue0personnel.0
It0is0designed0to0activate0on0impact0of0over04.50feet/
second0but0can0also0be0turned0on0manually.
With0an0......0in0elevation0there0is0a0.......0in0atmospheric0pressure0-
0ans✔increase,0decrease
Factors0affecting0atmospheric0pressure0-0ans✔earth's0rotation
vorticity
, unequal0solar0heating0from0poles0to0equator
minimum/maximum0temperatures0(heat0index)
humidity0and0dew0point
wind0direction,0speed,0gust,0and0wind0chill
pressure0at0reporting0station0and0at0sea0level
precipitation0including0snow0cover
vertical0velocity
vapor0pressure0
convergence
Gases0essential0to0human0life0-0ans✔oxygen,0nitrogen,0and0carbon0dioxide
Efficient0zone0-0ans✔zone0where0most0of0the0population0exists.0
Many0of0the0trapped0gas0issues0of0ears,0sinuses0and0GI0tract0occur0in0this0zone.
Physiologically0deficient0zone0-
0ans✔extends0from0100000to0500000feet0and0is0where0most0flying0occurs.
With0an0increase0in0altitude0the0temperature0will0-0ans✔decrease
Increased0temperatures0at0lower0latitudes0near0the0equator0cause0gases0to0-
0ans✔expand
Higher0latitudes0near0the0north0and0south0pole0have0colder0temperatures0and0cause0g
ases0to0contract0making0them0more0-
0ans✔condensed,0causing0greater0physiologic0stress0with0altitude0changes0in0a0cold0e
nvironment.
Boyle's0law0-0ans✔law0of0gaseous0expansion
explains0why0gases0trapped0in0the0body0expand0or0contract0as0altitude0increases0or0d
ecreases;0explains0the0interaction0of0pressure0and0volume.0
states0that0the0volume0of0gas0is0inversely0proportional0to0the0pressure0with0temperatur
e0remaining0constant.0
ex)0a0decrease0in0pressure0caused0an0increase0in0gas0volume0as0altitude0increases.0
Transport0considerations0include0"pneumo"0conditions0(pneumothorax,0pneumocephal
y,0pnemopericardium,0pneumomediastinum,0pneumoperitoneum.-
0explains0why0you0want0to0decompress0if0possible0before0transport.
Charles'0Law0-
0ans✔the0pressure0of0a0gas0is0directly0proportional0to0its0temperature.0In0essence,0ga
Safety0policy0-
0ans✔establishes0management's0commitment0and0responsibility,0the0accountabilities,0t
he0appointment0of0key0safety0personnel,0the0coordination0of0emergency0response0pla
nning,0and0SMS0documentation.0
Lays0the0foundation0on0which0SMS0functions.
Risk0Management0-
0ans✔Has0two0elements:0hazard0identification0%0risk0assessment/mitigation.
Hazards0are0conditions0or0objects0with0potential0to0cause0harm,0damage0or0reduce0fu
nctionality0of0personnel/equipment.
sleep0inertia0-
0ans✔a0condition0resulting0in0impaired0alertness0(rarely0exceeds0300minutes0after0wak
ing)0and0slows0the0speed0of0cognitive0tasks.0
This0can0be0reduced0by0napping0fewer0than0200minutes0or0900minutes.
850decibels0-0ans✔The0threshold0for0safe0hearing/noise0exposure.
emergency0locator0transmitter0(ELT)0-
0ans✔all0EMS0aircraft0are0required0by0FAA0to0carry0this.0
Designed0to0emit0radio0signal0on0a0frequency0121.f,02430or0406.0250MHz.0This0signal0
is0received0by0satellites0and0relayed0to0rescue0personnel.0
It0is0designed0to0activate0on0impact0of0over04.50feet/
second0but0can0also0be0turned0on0manually.
With0an0......0in0elevation0there0is0a0.......0in0atmospheric0pressure0-
0ans✔increase,0decrease
Factors0affecting0atmospheric0pressure0-0ans✔earth's0rotation
vorticity
, unequal0solar0heating0from0poles0to0equator
minimum/maximum0temperatures0(heat0index)
humidity0and0dew0point
wind0direction,0speed,0gust,0and0wind0chill
pressure0at0reporting0station0and0at0sea0level
precipitation0including0snow0cover
vertical0velocity
vapor0pressure0
convergence
Gases0essential0to0human0life0-0ans✔oxygen,0nitrogen,0and0carbon0dioxide
Efficient0zone0-0ans✔zone0where0most0of0the0population0exists.0
Many0of0the0trapped0gas0issues0of0ears,0sinuses0and0GI0tract0occur0in0this0zone.
Physiologically0deficient0zone0-
0ans✔extends0from0100000to0500000feet0and0is0where0most0flying0occurs.
With0an0increase0in0altitude0the0temperature0will0-0ans✔decrease
Increased0temperatures0at0lower0latitudes0near0the0equator0cause0gases0to0-
0ans✔expand
Higher0latitudes0near0the0north0and0south0pole0have0colder0temperatures0and0cause0g
ases0to0contract0making0them0more0-
0ans✔condensed,0causing0greater0physiologic0stress0with0altitude0changes0in0a0cold0e
nvironment.
Boyle's0law0-0ans✔law0of0gaseous0expansion
explains0why0gases0trapped0in0the0body0expand0or0contract0as0altitude0increases0or0d
ecreases;0explains0the0interaction0of0pressure0and0volume.0
states0that0the0volume0of0gas0is0inversely0proportional0to0the0pressure0with0temperatur
e0remaining0constant.0
ex)0a0decrease0in0pressure0caused0an0increase0in0gas0volume0as0altitude0increases.0
Transport0considerations0include0"pneumo"0conditions0(pneumothorax,0pneumocephal
y,0pnemopericardium,0pneumomediastinum,0pneumoperitoneum.-
0explains0why0you0want0to0decompress0if0possible0before0transport.
Charles'0Law0-
0ans✔the0pressure0of0a0gas0is0directly0proportional0to0its0temperature.0In0essence,0ga
