FIELDCRAFT 3 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔treatment for heat injuries - ✔✔-*first* remove the casualty from the environment.
-Other Treatments include: Stretching of cramping muscles. Rapid, active cooling.
-fluids
✔✔which heat injury will result in death if treatment is delayed - ✔✔heatstroke has 80%
fatality rate if left untreated
✔✔what 2 methods could fluids be administered to heat casualties - ✔✔PO
-alert, able to swallow, has a present radial pulse and not nauseated
IV
-altered mental status
-administer a 500 ml bolus of Lactated Ringers
*If IV attempts fail, do not attempt IO access*
Continue to cool the casualty and evacuate immediately to be evaluated by a MO
✔✔What conditions must be present if you allow a heat injury casualty to drink fluids by
mouth? - ✔✔-alert
-able to swallow
-present radial pulse
-not nauseated
(Risk of emesis and aspiration is low)
✔✔what are the temp ranges for mild, moderate, and severe hypothermia - ✔✔mild: 93-
97
moderate: 86-93
severe: <86
✔✔what are the 5 non-freezing injuries - ✔✔-hypothermia
-chilblains
-immersion syndrome
-snow blindness
-dehydration
✔✔hypothermia
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-prolonged exposure to low temps
-systematic cold injury
,sign/symptom
-Conscious to AMS to unconscious
-Shivering, poor muscle coordination to rigid muscles
-Weak to absent pulse
-Pale, cold skin to ice cold skin
treatment
-Handle Gently (prone to V-Fib)
-*Active rewarming should be confined to the trunk only*
-Rewarming the extremities before the core can result in acidosis, hyperkalemia
(excessive potassium) and actually LOWER the core temperature
✔✔chilblains
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-Repeated prolonged exposure of bare skin.
sign/symptom
-Redness or cyanosis of affected areas, blue-red patches, hot, tender, itching skin.
-Subcutaneous nodules.
-Ulcerated or bleeding lesions with chronic repeated episodes
treatment
-Warm and dry the part.
-Do not rub tissue.
-Place in contact with a warm object.
-Elevate, protect and evacuate
✔✔immersion syndrome
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-Prolonged exposure of feet to cool/cold water or mud.
sign/symptom
-*Early Stages/First phase:*
-(develops slowly over hours to days)
-Area is cold, pale, numb, tingling. Pulses are diminished or absent.
-*Later Stages/Advanced Phase:*
-Limbs feel hot, burning with shooting pains.
-Area is pale blisters, swelling, redness, and ulcerations.
-Anesthesia(numbness), hyperhydrosis(excessive sweating) and cold sensitivity may
persist for weeks.
-Infection, and gangrene in very severe cases.
, treatment
-Warm and dry the part.
-Do not rub tissue.
-Place in contact with a warm object.
-Elevate, protect and evacuate
Prevention is key.
-Keep feet warm and dry
-change wet socks several times daily.
-Ensure boots fit well
-never sleep in boots
✔✔snow blindness
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-Damage to the cornea from UV radiation, similar to a welding flash burn.
-More likely to occur in hazy, cloudy weather than in sunny weather
sign/symptom
-Scratchy, watery, red feeling in eyes.
treatment
-Visual acuity test
-Cover and patch the eyes with a dark cloth (if tactical environment permits)
-evacuate
✔✔Is it possible to become dehydrated in a cold climate? - ✔✔Yes
-In colder climates, it is difficult to even realize the condition exist
✔✔what is a freezing injury - ✔✔frostbite
✔✔frostbite
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-Caused from exposure to cold.
-Usually below 32 degrees F depending on the wind chill factor, duration of exposure,
and adequacy of protection
sign/symptom (in order that they will typically appear)
-usually takes 24-48 hours to appear
-Loss of sensation or numbness
-Sudden whitening of the skin followed by tingling
-Redness/grayish skin
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔treatment for heat injuries - ✔✔-*first* remove the casualty from the environment.
-Other Treatments include: Stretching of cramping muscles. Rapid, active cooling.
-fluids
✔✔which heat injury will result in death if treatment is delayed - ✔✔heatstroke has 80%
fatality rate if left untreated
✔✔what 2 methods could fluids be administered to heat casualties - ✔✔PO
-alert, able to swallow, has a present radial pulse and not nauseated
IV
-altered mental status
-administer a 500 ml bolus of Lactated Ringers
*If IV attempts fail, do not attempt IO access*
Continue to cool the casualty and evacuate immediately to be evaluated by a MO
✔✔What conditions must be present if you allow a heat injury casualty to drink fluids by
mouth? - ✔✔-alert
-able to swallow
-present radial pulse
-not nauseated
(Risk of emesis and aspiration is low)
✔✔what are the temp ranges for mild, moderate, and severe hypothermia - ✔✔mild: 93-
97
moderate: 86-93
severe: <86
✔✔what are the 5 non-freezing injuries - ✔✔-hypothermia
-chilblains
-immersion syndrome
-snow blindness
-dehydration
✔✔hypothermia
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-prolonged exposure to low temps
-systematic cold injury
,sign/symptom
-Conscious to AMS to unconscious
-Shivering, poor muscle coordination to rigid muscles
-Weak to absent pulse
-Pale, cold skin to ice cold skin
treatment
-Handle Gently (prone to V-Fib)
-*Active rewarming should be confined to the trunk only*
-Rewarming the extremities before the core can result in acidosis, hyperkalemia
(excessive potassium) and actually LOWER the core temperature
✔✔chilblains
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-Repeated prolonged exposure of bare skin.
sign/symptom
-Redness or cyanosis of affected areas, blue-red patches, hot, tender, itching skin.
-Subcutaneous nodules.
-Ulcerated or bleeding lesions with chronic repeated episodes
treatment
-Warm and dry the part.
-Do not rub tissue.
-Place in contact with a warm object.
-Elevate, protect and evacuate
✔✔immersion syndrome
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-Prolonged exposure of feet to cool/cold water or mud.
sign/symptom
-*Early Stages/First phase:*
-(develops slowly over hours to days)
-Area is cold, pale, numb, tingling. Pulses are diminished or absent.
-*Later Stages/Advanced Phase:*
-Limbs feel hot, burning with shooting pains.
-Area is pale blisters, swelling, redness, and ulcerations.
-Anesthesia(numbness), hyperhydrosis(excessive sweating) and cold sensitivity may
persist for weeks.
-Infection, and gangrene in very severe cases.
, treatment
-Warm and dry the part.
-Do not rub tissue.
-Place in contact with a warm object.
-Elevate, protect and evacuate
Prevention is key.
-Keep feet warm and dry
-change wet socks several times daily.
-Ensure boots fit well
-never sleep in boots
✔✔snow blindness
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-Damage to the cornea from UV radiation, similar to a welding flash burn.
-More likely to occur in hazy, cloudy weather than in sunny weather
sign/symptom
-Scratchy, watery, red feeling in eyes.
treatment
-Visual acuity test
-Cover and patch the eyes with a dark cloth (if tactical environment permits)
-evacuate
✔✔Is it possible to become dehydrated in a cold climate? - ✔✔Yes
-In colder climates, it is difficult to even realize the condition exist
✔✔what is a freezing injury - ✔✔frostbite
✔✔frostbite
-what is it
-sign/symptom
-treatment - ✔✔what is it
-Caused from exposure to cold.
-Usually below 32 degrees F depending on the wind chill factor, duration of exposure,
and adequacy of protection
sign/symptom (in order that they will typically appear)
-usually takes 24-48 hours to appear
-Loss of sensation or numbness
-Sudden whitening of the skin followed by tingling
-Redness/grayish skin
