,Chapter 01: Radiation History
cn cn cn
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
cn cn cn cn
MULTIPLE CHOICE cn
1. Radiation is defined as cn cn cn
a. A form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
b. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record i
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
mage shadows on a receptor. cn cn cn cn
c. A high- cn
energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ray tube. cn
d. A branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: A cn
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shad ows o
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn c n c n cn cn c n cn
n a receptor.
cn cn
X-radiation is a high- cn cn cn
Energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with ametal target in an x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of X-rays.
cn c n cn c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n cn cn
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic sa
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
nd radiobiology
cn
2. A radiograph is defined as
cn cn cn cn
a. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record i
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
mage shadows on a receptor. cn cn cn cn
b. A picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
c. The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image r
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ecepto r tox-rays. cn cn
d. A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: B cn
An x- cn
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shado
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn
ws on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x-
cn c n cn c n cn c n c n cn c n c n c n c n cn c n cn c n
rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental imag
cn cn c n cn cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
es by the exposure of a receptor to x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 cn
OBJ: 1TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn c
x-radiation
n
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic sa
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
nd radiobiology
cn
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is t
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
hecorrect response? cn
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is se
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
enclinically. cn
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
, c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of den t
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
alimages.
ANSWER: D c n
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically. Ma
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ny dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images are a
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c
nnecessary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typicall y di
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn cn
scovered only through the use of dental images.cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
4. The x-ray was discovered by
cn cn cn cn
a. Heinrich Geissler cn
b. Wilhelm Roentgen cn
c. Johann Hittorf cn
d. William Crookes cn
ANSWER: B c n
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn c n
ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from
cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn
the negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines, produced heat, and resulted in
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c
a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode rays we
n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
re streams of charged particles.
cn cn cn cn
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. Otto Walkoff cn
b. Wilhelm Roentgen cn
c. Edmund Kells cn
d. Weston Price cn
ANSWER:C C c n
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentg en w
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn
as a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live pers
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
on. Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904. cn cn cn cn cn cn
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
6. Current fast radiographic film requires cn cn cn cn
% less exposure time than the initial exposuretimes used in 1920.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
, d. 2
ANSWER: D c n
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure ti mesu
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
sed in 1920. cn cn
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 cn
OBJ: 6TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of
cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn c
x-radiation
n
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. C. Edmund Kells cn cn
b. Franklin W. McCormack cn cn
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald cn cn
d. Howard Riley Raper cn cn
ANSWER: C c n
C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W. McCormack r ei
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ntroduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified the parallelin gte
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
chnique with the introduction of the long-cn cn cn cn cn cn
cone technique. This is the technique currently used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bi se
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
cting technique and introduced the bite-wing technique in 1925.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. Increased patient radiation exposure cn cn cn
b. Increased patient comfort cn cn
c. Increased speed for viewing images cn cn cn cn
d. Increased chemical usage cn cn
ANSWER: C c n
Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more sensitive t
c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n
o x- c n
rays than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient comfort. The i m
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
age from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the nee
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d for chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and evaluation. The ima g
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
e fromdigital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn c n cn cn cn
f or chemicalprocessing.
cn cn
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6 cn
OBJ: 7 TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of di
cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c
gital radiography
n cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. Beta particles cn
b. Alpha particles cn
c. Cathode rays cn
d. Radioactive materials cn
ANSWER: C c n
cn cn cn
Iannucci: Dental Radiography, 6th Edition
cn cn cn cn
MULTIPLE CHOICE cn
1. Radiation is defined as cn cn cn
a. A form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
b. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record i
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
mage shadows on a receptor. cn cn cn cn
c. A high- cn
energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with a metal target in an x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ray tube. cn
d. A branch of medicine that deals with the use of x-rays.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: A cn
Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles. An x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shad ows o
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn c n c n cn cn c n cn
n a receptor.
cn cn
X-radiation is a high- cn cn cn
Energy radiation produced by the collision of a beam of electrons with ametal target in an x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ray tube. Radiology is a branch of medicine that deals with the use of X-rays.
cn c n cn c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n cn cn
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 1 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic sa
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
nd radiobiology
cn
2. A radiograph is defined as
cn cn cn cn
a. A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record i
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
mage shadows on a receptor. cn cn cn cn
b. A picture on film produced by the passage of x-rays through an object or body.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
c. The art and science of making radiographs by the exposure of an image r
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ecepto r tox-rays. cn cn
d. A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ANSWER: B cn
An x- cn
ray is a beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and record image shado
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn
ws on a receptor. A radiograph is a picture on film produced by the passage of x-
cn c n cn c n cn c n c n cn c n c n c n c n cn c n cn c n
rays through an object or body. Radiography is the art and science of making dental imag
cn cn c n cn cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
es by the exposure of a receptor to x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
rays. Radiation is a form of energy carried by waves or streams of particles.
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 2 cn
OBJ: 1TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn c
x-radiation
n
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.1 Principles of radiophysic sa
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
nd radiobiology
cn
3. Your patient asked you why dental images are important. Which of the following is t
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
hecorrect response? cn
a. An oral examination with dental images limits the practitioner to what is se
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
enclinically. cn
b. All dental diseases and conditions produce clinical signs and symptoms.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
, c. Dental images are not a necessary component of comprehensive patient care.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d. Many dental diseases are typically discovered only through the use of den t
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
alimages.
ANSWER: D c n
An oral examination without dental images limits the practitioner to what is seen clinically. Ma
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ny dental diseases and conditions produce no clinical signs and symptoms. Dental images are a
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c
nnecessary component of comprehensive patient care. Many dental diseases are typicall y di
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn cn
scovered only through the use of dental images.cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
DIF: Application REF: Page 2 OBJ: 2 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
4. The x-ray was discovered by
cn cn cn cn
a. Heinrich Geissler cn
b. Wilhelm Roentgen cn
c. Johann Hittorf cn
d. William Crookes cn
ANSWER: B c n
Heinrich Geissler built the first vacuum tube in 1838. Wilhelm Roentgen discovered the x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn c n
ray on November 8, 1895. Johann Hittorf observed in 1870 that discharges emitted from
cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn cn
the negative electrode of a vacuum tube traveled in straight lines, produced heat, and resulted in
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c
a greenish fluorescence. William Crookes discovered in the late 1870s that cathode rays we
n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
re streams of charged particles.
cn cn cn cn
DIF: Recall REF: Page 2 OBJ: 4 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
5. Who exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live person?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. Otto Walkoff cn
b. Wilhelm Roentgen cn
c. Edmund Kells cn
d. Weston Price cn
ANSWER:C C c n
Otto Walkoff was a German dentist who made the first dental radiograph. Wilhelm Roentg en w
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn
as a Bavarian physicist who discovered the x-
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ray. Edmund Kells exposed the first dental radiograph in the United States using a live pers
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
on. Price introduced the bisecting technique in 1904. cn cn cn cn cn cn
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 5 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
6. Current fast radiographic film requires cn cn cn cn
% less exposure time than the initial exposuretimes used in 1920.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. 33
b. 98
c. 73
, d. 2
ANSWER: D c n
Current fast radiographic film requires 98% less exposure time than the initial exposure ti mesu
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
sed in 1920. cn cn
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 5 cn
OBJ: 6TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of
cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn c
x-radiation
n
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
7. Who modified the paralleling technique with the introduction of the long-cone technique?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. C. Edmund Kells cn cn
b. Franklin W. McCormack cn cn
c. F. Gordon Fitzgerald cn cn
d. Howard Riley Raper cn cn
ANSWER: C c n
C. Edmund Kells introduced the paralleling technique in 1896. Franklin W. McCormack r ei
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
ntroduced the paralleling technique in 1920. F. Gordon Fitzgerald modified the parallelin gte
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
chnique with the introduction of the long-cn cn cn cn cn cn
cone technique. This is the technique currently used. Howard Riley Raper modified the bi se
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
cting technique and introduced the bite-wing technique in 1925.
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
DIF: Recall REF: Page 4 OBJ: 7 cn c n
TOP: CDA, RHS, III.B.2. Describe the characteristics of x-radiation
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
8. Which of the following is an advantage of digital imaging?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. Increased patient radiation exposure cn cn cn
b. Increased patient comfort cn cn
c. Increased speed for viewing images cn cn cn cn
d. Increased chemical usage cn cn
ANSWER: C c n
Patient exposure is reduced with digital imaging. Digital sensors are more sensitive t
c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n c n
o x- c n
rays than film. Digital sensors are rigid and bulky, causing decreased patient comfort. The i m
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
age from digital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the nee
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
d for chemical processing. This allows for immediate interpretation and evaluation. The ima g
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
e fromdigital sensors is uploaded directly to the computer and monitor without the need
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c n cn cn c n cn cn cn
f or chemicalprocessing.
cn cn
DIF: Comprehension REF: Page 6 cn
OBJ: 7 TOP: CDA, RHS, I.B.2. Demonstrate basic knowledge of di
cn cn c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn c
gital radiography
n cn
MSC: NBDHE, 2.0 Obtaining and Interpreting Radiographs | NBDHE, 2.5 General
c n cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
9. Which discovery was the precursor to the discovery of x-rays?
cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn
a. Beta particles cn
b. Alpha particles cn
c. Cathode rays cn
d. Radioactive materials cn
ANSWER: C c n
