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Hygiene describes activities involve din maintaining personal cleanliness
and grooming. Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) (eg. Taking a bath or shower,
washing hair or brushing and flossing teeth) promote comfort, improve
self-image, and decrease infection and disease. Healthy people perform
their own personal hygiene; however, some patients need assistance
because of illness or injury. KEY POINT: As a nurse, you are responsible for
providing the necessary assistance and, at the same time, encouraging as
much self-care as possible to promote activity, independence, and self-
esteem (pg. 705).
Diseases which require contact precautions
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MRSA C-Difficile VRE- vancomycin resistant enterococcus
Rationale for proper linen care
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Room temp Noise Ventilation Hospital bed/mattress Clean linens
Airborne Transmission
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Pathogens are contracted by inhalation of microorganisms or spores
suspended in air on water droplets or dust particles.
Differentiate between the purposes for using medical asepsis vs. surgical asepsis.
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Pg 637 Recent guidelines suggest using modified sterile technique for
many bedside procedures that have traditionally used sterile technique
(e.g., tracheostomy care and wound care).
The following summarizes the practical differences in sterile, modified
sterile, and clean techniques:
Sterile technique is the use of sterile gloves and sterile supplies (e.g.,
drapes, bandages, instruments, water)
Modified sterile technique is use of nonsterile procedure gloves with
, sterile supplies
Clean technique is use of clean hands or nonsterile gloves and clean,
rather than sterile, supplies (e.g., tap water)
Types of bathing
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Types:
§ Assist bath—help patient with areas they can't reach
§ Partial—clean areas that cause odor
§ Complete—washing entire body for patient
§ Therapeutic—using special products for skin concerns (oatmeal bath for
itchy skin, Epsom salts, etc.)
§ Bed bath
§ Towel bath
§ Bag—wash cloths; use one cloth for each area
exogenous infection
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In healthcare-related infections, the pathogen is acquired from a
healthcare environment (page 623).
periodontal disease (pyorrhea)
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