Modern Philosophy

This lecture notes discusses the topic "structuralism and poststructuralism".

This lecture notes discusses the topic "positivism and logical positivism". On the one hand, positivism is construed more broadly as a way of looking at the world from the vantage point of scientific method. On the other hand, logical positivism is the direct result of the revision of positivism through the years.

This lecture notes discusses the topic "rationalism", a philosophical doctrine that holds the view that knowledge is derived from reason rather than experience.

This lecture notes discusses the topic "empiricism", a philosophical doctrine that holds the view that knowledge is derived from experience.

This lecture notes discusses the topic "idealism", a philosophical doctrine which holds the view that ideas are the only reality.

This lecture notes discusses the topic "psychoanalysis", defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic techniques with a core belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories has its origin in the work of the Austrian neurologist and social philosopher Sigmund Freud.

This lecture notes discusses the topic "functionalism", one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology which holds the belief that society is relatively stable, which means that things occur in society for a specific function and those functions help maintain stability.

This lecture notes discusses the topic "modernism and postmodernism". On the one hand, modernism is widely used to describe a variety of inclinations within the European and Anglo-American literature of the early twentieth century. On the other hand, postmodernism is a term applied, often loosely, to a broad movement that developed in the middle to the late twentieth century across many disciplines, such as the arts, architecture, and philosophy.

This lecture discusses the topic "realism", which, in philosophy, refers to the view that the “reality” of any material objects exists in the external world independently of the human mind.

This lecture notes discusses the key concepts of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s philosophy of language.