VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WhatA2isA2toxicology?A2-A2Ans--
theA2studyA2ofA2theA2harmfulA2effectsA2ofA2chemicalsA2(oppositeA2endA2ofA2spectrumA2com
paredA2toA2pharmacology)

WhoA2isA2theA2fatherA2ofA2toxicology?A2-A2Ans--Paracelsus

ToxicA2isA2usedA2toA2describedA2theA2effectsA2ofA2what?A2-A2Ans--AA2toxicant

ToxicityA2isA2usedA2toA2describeA2what?A2-A2Ans--
AmountA2orA2dosageA2ofA2aA2poisonA2thatA2willA2produceA2aA2definedA2effect

ToxicosisA2isA2theA2stateA2ofA2beingA2poisonedA2byA2what?A2-A2Ans--AA2toxicant

DoseA2=A2what?A2-A2Ans--AmountA2/A2AnimalA2Mass

WhichA2isA2theA2preferedA2methodA2ofA2accountingA2forA2differentA2bodyA2sizesA2inA2veteri
naryA2medicine?A2-A2Ans--BSAA2calculations

AcuteA2exposureA2isA2aA2durationA2ofA2exposureA2ofA2whatA2timeA2frame?A2-A2Ans--
LessA2thanA224A2hours

SubacuteA2ExposureA2isA2aA2durationA2ofA2exposureA2ofA2whatA2timeA2frame?A2-A2Ans--
UpA2toA21A2month

SubchronicA2exposureA2isA2aA2durationA2ofA2exposureA2ofA2whatA2timeA2frame?A2-A2Ans--
1-3A2months

ChronicA2exposureA2isA2aA2durationA2ofA2exposureA2ofA2whatA2timeA2frame?A2-A2Ans--
GreaterA2thanA23A2months

WhichA2routeA2ofA2exposureA2isA2mostA2effective?A2-A2Ans--IV

WhichA2routeA2ofA2exposureA2isA2leaseA2effective?A2-A2Ans--Topical

WhichA2routeA2ofA2exposureA2isA2moreA2effective?A2IMA2orA2ingestion?A2-A2Ans--IM

WhatA2isA2theA2typicalA2effectivenessA2ofA2routeA2ofA2exposureA2fromA2greatestA2toA2least?
A2-A2Ans--IV>inhalation>ip>im>ingestion>topical

,WhatA2isA2aA2syergisticA2relationship?A2-A2Ans--
CombinationA2ofA22A2orA2moreA2chemicalsA2thatA2produceA2aA2greaterA2effectA2thenA2theyA
2wouldA2individually.A2(2+2A2=A220)


WhatA2isA2potentiation?A2-A2Ans--
TheA2enhancementA2ofA2theA2actionA2ofA2oneA2drugA2byA2aA2secondA2drugA2thatA2hasA2noA
2detectableA2actionA2ofA2itsA2own.


WhatA2isA2antagonism?A2-A2Ans--
theA2effectA2ofA2twoA2drugsA2togetherA2isA2lessA2thanA2theA2effectA2ofA2eitherA2alone

WhatA2isA2anA2exposureA2dose?A2-A2Ans--
theA2amountA2ofA2aA2xenobioticA2encounteredA2inA2theA2environment

WhatA2isA2anA2absorbedA2dose?A2-A2Ans--
theA2actualA2amountA2ofA2theA2exposedA2doseA2thatA2entersA2theA2body

WhatA2isA2anA2administeredA2dose?A2-A2Ans--
TheA2quantityA2administeredA2usuallyA2orallyA2orA2byA2injection

WhatA2isA2theA2totalA2dose?A2-A2Ans--TheA2sumA2ofA2allA2individualA2doses

IncreasesA2inA2doseA2willA2resultA2inA2anA2increaseA2inA2what?A2-A2Ans--Response

doseA2isA2relatedA2toA2-A2Ans--Potency

EffectA2isA2relatedA2toA2-A2Ans--Efficacy

EffectiveA2dosesA2(ED's)A2areA2usedA2toA2indicateA2what?A2-A2Ans--
TheA2effectivenessA2ofA2aA2substance

ToxicA2dosesA2(TD's)A2areA2utilizedA2toA2indicateA2dosesA2thatA2causeA2what?A2-A2Ans--
AdverseA2toxicA2effects

WhatA2isA2highestA2onA2aA2sigmoidalA2doseA2responseA2curve?A2ED,A2TD,A2orA2LD?A2-
A2Ans--LDA2akaA2LethalA2Dose


WhatA2isA2theA2acronymA2NOAEL?A2-A2Ans--NoA2ObservedA2AdverseA2EffectA2Level

WhatA2isA2theA2acronymA2LOAEL?A2-A2Ans--LowA2ObservedA2AdverseA2EffectA2Level

WhatA2isA2theA2highestA2dataA2pointA2atA2whichA2thereA2wasA2notA2an
observedA2toxicA2orA2adverseA2effect?A2-A2Ans--NOAEL

WhatA2isA2theA2lowestA2dataA2pointA2atA2whichA2thereA2wasA2anA2observed
toxicA2orA2adverseA2effectA2-A2Ans--LOAEL

, TheA2TherapeuticA2IndexA2(TI)A2isA2aA2combinationA2ofA2whatA22A2dataA2sets?A2-A2Ans--
LD50A2andA2ED50

WhatA2isA2theA2unitA2ofA2measureA2forA2TherapeuticA2IndexA2(TI)?A2-A2Ans--
none.A2unitless.A2LD50A2andA2ED50A2bothA2useA2mg/kgA2soA2unitsA2cancelA2out.

FormulaA2forA2TherapeuticA2IndexA2(TI)?A2-A2Ans--TIA2=A2LD50/ED50

WhatA2doesA2TherapeuticA2indexA2characterize?A2-A2Ans--
theA2relativeA2safetyA2ofA2aA2drugA2or
chemical.

WhichA2isA2"Safer"A2highA2TherapeuticA2IndexA2(TI)A2orA2low?A2-A2Ans--High

WhatA2typeA2ofA2doseA2responseA2curveA2doesA2vitaminA2AA2have?A2-A2Ans--U-shaped

WhatA2isA2meantA2byA2aA2U-shapedA2doseA2responseA2curve?A2-A2Ans--
AdverseA2responseA2atA2veryA2lowA2andA2veryA2high.A2MustA2beA2maintainedA2somewhere
A2inA2theA2middle.


TherapeuticA2IndexA2(TI)A2andA2StandardA2SafetyA2MarginA2(SSM)A2areA2estimatesA2thatA2
characterizeA2what>A2-A2Ans--RelativeA2safetyA2ofA2aA2chemical

WhatA2isA2theA2formulaA2forA2StandardA2safetyA2margin?A2-A2Ans--
StandardA2safetyA2marginA2(SSM)A2=A2(LD1-A2ED99)/A2ED99*100

WhatA2isA2theA2ADMEA2ofA2toxicokinetics?A2-A2Ans--Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

WhatA2areA2theA2theA2kineticA2processesA2ofA2ADME?A2-A2Ans--
FirstA2andA2zeroA2orderA2kinetics

ZeroA2orderA2indicatesA2thatA2aA2chemicalA2is?A2-A2Ans--ConcentrationA2independent

First-orderA2indicatesA2thatA2aA2chemicalA2is?A2-A2Ans--ConcentrationA2dependent

WhatA2isA2non-linearityA2inA2toxicokinetics?A2-A2Ans--
SaturableA2metabolicA2clearanceA2processes,A2transporters,A2andA2drugA2specificA2bioph
armaceuticalA2factors.

NonA2linearA2toxicokineticsA2canA2beA2dividedA2intoA2whatA2categories?A2-A2Ans--
LowA2concentrationA2andA2HighA2concentration