1
, 2
CARE ART
Chapter 1.
Primary Care in the Twenty-First Century: A Circle of Caring
1. A nurse has conducted a literature review in an effort to identify the effect of
handwashing on the incidence of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections in acute care
settings. An article presented findings at a level of significance of <0.01. This indicates that
A) The control group and the experimental group were more than 99% similar.
B) The findings of the study have less than 1% chance of being attributable to chance.
C) The effects of the intervention were nearly zero.
D) The clinical significance of the findings was less than 1:100.
Answer:B
Feedback:
The level of significance is the level at which the researcher believes that the study results
most likely represent a no chance event. A level of significance of <0.01 indicates that there
is less than 1% probability that the result is due to chance.
2. A nurse has read a qualitative research study in order to understand the lived
experience of parents who have a neonatal loss. Which of the following questions should
the nurse prioritize when appraising the results of this study?
A) How well did the authors capture the personal experiences of these parents?
B) How well did the authors control for confounding variables that may have
affected the findings?
C) Did the authors use statistical measures that were appropriate to the
phenomenon in question?
D) Were the instruments that the researchers used statistically valid and reliable?
Answer:A
, 3
Feedback:
Qualitative studies are judged on the basis of how well they capture and convey the subjective
experiences of individuals. Statistical measures and variables are not dimensions of a qualitative
methodology.
3. A nurse has expressed skepticism to a colleague about the value of nursing
research, claiming that nursing research has little relevance to practice. How can the nurses
colleague best defend the importance of nursing research?
A) The existence of nursing research means that nurses are now able to access federal
grant money, something that didnt use to be the case.
B) Nursing research has allowed the development of masters and doctoral programs
and has greatly increased the credibility of the profession.
C) The growth of nursing research has caused nursing to be viewed as a true
profession, rather than simply as a trade or a skill.
D) The application of nursing research has the potential to improve nursing practice
and patient outcomes.
Answer:D
Feedback:
The greatest value of nursing research lies in the potential to improve practice and, ultimately,
to improve patient outcomes. This supersedes the contributions of nursing research to
education programs, grant funding, or the public view of the profession.
4. Tracy is a nurse with a baccalaureate degree who works in the labor and delivery unit
of a busy urban hospital. She has noticed that many new mothers abandon breast-feeding
their babies when they experience early challenges and wonders what could be done to
encourage more women to continue breast-feeding. What role is Tracy most likely to play in
a research project that tests an intervention aimed at promoting breast-feeding?
A) Applying for grant funding for the research project
B) Posing the clinical problem to one or more nursing researchers
C) Planning the methodology of the research project
D) Carrying out the intervention and submitting the results for publication Answer:B
Feedback:
A major role for staff nurses is to identify questions or problems for research. Grant
applications, methodological planning, and publication submission are normally carried out
by nurses who have advanced degrees in nursing.
5. A patient signed the informed consent form for a drug trial that was explained to
patient by a research assistant. Later, the patient admitted to his nurse that he did not
understand the research assistants explanation or his own role in the study. How should
this patients nurse respond to this revelation?
, 4
A) Explain the research process to the patient in greater detail.
B) Describe the details of a randomized controlled trial for the patient
C) Inform the research assistant that the patients consent is likely invalid.
D) Explain to the patient that his written consent is now legally binding.
Answer:C
Feedback:
Just as the staff nurse is not responsible for medical consent, the staff nurse is not
responsible for research consent. If patients who have agreed to participate exhibit
ambivalence or uncertainty about participating, do not try to convince them to participate.
Ask the person from the research team who is managing consents to speak with concerned
patients about the study, even after a patient has signed the consent forms.
Multiple Selection
6. A nurse leader is attempting to increase the awareness of evidence-based practice
(EBP) among the nurses on a unit. A nurse who is implementing EBP integrates which of the
following? (Select all that apply.)
A) Interdisciplinary consensus
B) Nursing tradition
C) Research studies
D) Patient preferences and values
E) Clinical expertise Answer:C, D, E
Feedback:
Fineout-Overholt, Melnyk, Stillwell, and Williamson define EBP as a problem- solving
approach to the delivery of healthcare that integrates the best evidence from studies and
patient care data with clinician expertise and patient preferences and values.
Multiple Choice
7. Mrs. Mayes is a 73-year-old woman who has a diabetic foot ulcer that has been
extremely slow to heal and which now poses a threat of osteomyelitis. The wound care
nurse who has been working with Mrs. Mayes applies evidence-based practice (EBP)
, 2
CARE ART
Chapter 1.
Primary Care in the Twenty-First Century: A Circle of Caring
1. A nurse has conducted a literature review in an effort to identify the effect of
handwashing on the incidence of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections in acute care
settings. An article presented findings at a level of significance of <0.01. This indicates that
A) The control group and the experimental group were more than 99% similar.
B) The findings of the study have less than 1% chance of being attributable to chance.
C) The effects of the intervention were nearly zero.
D) The clinical significance of the findings was less than 1:100.
Answer:B
Feedback:
The level of significance is the level at which the researcher believes that the study results
most likely represent a no chance event. A level of significance of <0.01 indicates that there
is less than 1% probability that the result is due to chance.
2. A nurse has read a qualitative research study in order to understand the lived
experience of parents who have a neonatal loss. Which of the following questions should
the nurse prioritize when appraising the results of this study?
A) How well did the authors capture the personal experiences of these parents?
B) How well did the authors control for confounding variables that may have
affected the findings?
C) Did the authors use statistical measures that were appropriate to the
phenomenon in question?
D) Were the instruments that the researchers used statistically valid and reliable?
Answer:A
, 3
Feedback:
Qualitative studies are judged on the basis of how well they capture and convey the subjective
experiences of individuals. Statistical measures and variables are not dimensions of a qualitative
methodology.
3. A nurse has expressed skepticism to a colleague about the value of nursing
research, claiming that nursing research has little relevance to practice. How can the nurses
colleague best defend the importance of nursing research?
A) The existence of nursing research means that nurses are now able to access federal
grant money, something that didnt use to be the case.
B) Nursing research has allowed the development of masters and doctoral programs
and has greatly increased the credibility of the profession.
C) The growth of nursing research has caused nursing to be viewed as a true
profession, rather than simply as a trade or a skill.
D) The application of nursing research has the potential to improve nursing practice
and patient outcomes.
Answer:D
Feedback:
The greatest value of nursing research lies in the potential to improve practice and, ultimately,
to improve patient outcomes. This supersedes the contributions of nursing research to
education programs, grant funding, or the public view of the profession.
4. Tracy is a nurse with a baccalaureate degree who works in the labor and delivery unit
of a busy urban hospital. She has noticed that many new mothers abandon breast-feeding
their babies when they experience early challenges and wonders what could be done to
encourage more women to continue breast-feeding. What role is Tracy most likely to play in
a research project that tests an intervention aimed at promoting breast-feeding?
A) Applying for grant funding for the research project
B) Posing the clinical problem to one or more nursing researchers
C) Planning the methodology of the research project
D) Carrying out the intervention and submitting the results for publication Answer:B
Feedback:
A major role for staff nurses is to identify questions or problems for research. Grant
applications, methodological planning, and publication submission are normally carried out
by nurses who have advanced degrees in nursing.
5. A patient signed the informed consent form for a drug trial that was explained to
patient by a research assistant. Later, the patient admitted to his nurse that he did not
understand the research assistants explanation or his own role in the study. How should
this patients nurse respond to this revelation?
, 4
A) Explain the research process to the patient in greater detail.
B) Describe the details of a randomized controlled trial for the patient
C) Inform the research assistant that the patients consent is likely invalid.
D) Explain to the patient that his written consent is now legally binding.
Answer:C
Feedback:
Just as the staff nurse is not responsible for medical consent, the staff nurse is not
responsible for research consent. If patients who have agreed to participate exhibit
ambivalence or uncertainty about participating, do not try to convince them to participate.
Ask the person from the research team who is managing consents to speak with concerned
patients about the study, even after a patient has signed the consent forms.
Multiple Selection
6. A nurse leader is attempting to increase the awareness of evidence-based practice
(EBP) among the nurses on a unit. A nurse who is implementing EBP integrates which of the
following? (Select all that apply.)
A) Interdisciplinary consensus
B) Nursing tradition
C) Research studies
D) Patient preferences and values
E) Clinical expertise Answer:C, D, E
Feedback:
Fineout-Overholt, Melnyk, Stillwell, and Williamson define EBP as a problem- solving
approach to the delivery of healthcare that integrates the best evidence from studies and
patient care data with clinician expertise and patient preferences and values.
Multiple Choice
7. Mrs. Mayes is a 73-year-old woman who has a diabetic foot ulcer that has been
extremely slow to heal and which now poses a threat of osteomyelitis. The wound care
nurse who has been working with Mrs. Mayes applies evidence-based practice (EBP)
