VTNE PREP COMBINED, AAVSB
EXAM
STUDY GUIDE.
A COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026.
(c) Systolic blood pressure - ANSThe pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular
contraction is:
(a) Diastolic blood pressure
(b) Osmotic pressure
(c) Systolic blood pressure
(d) Low pressure
(b) SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers - ANSIn what order does the impulse
for depolarization travel through the heart?
(a) AV node, SA node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
(b) SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
(c) SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His
(d) AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His
(a) Pylorus - ANSThe muscular sphincter located between the stomach and the duodenum is
the:
(a) Pylorus
(b) Cardia
(c) Chyme
(d) Rugae
(a) Threshold - ANSWhen a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization, it
has reached:
(a) Threshold
(b) Repolarization
(c) Refractory period
(d) Action potential
(b) Stomach - ANSSmooth muscles can be found in the:
(a) Heart
(b) Stomach
(c) Pelvic limb
(d) Diaphragm
(a) Negative - ANSOn inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity, as compared with
ambient air pressure, is
(a) Negative
(b) Positive
,VTNE PREP COMBINED, AAVSB
EXAM
STUDY GUIDE.
A COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026.
(c) Same as the ambient air pressure
(d) Fluctuating
(c) Brainstem - ANSThe cranial nerves originate from the
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Spinal cord
(c) Brainstem
(d) Cerebrum
(d) Oxytocin - ANSIn dairy cattle, the teats and udder are gently washed before milking to
stimulate the release of one of the following, to stimulate milk letdown
(a) Adrenalin
(b) Norepinephrine
(c) Dopamine
(d) Oxytocin
(c) 8% - ANSTypically, what percentage of an animal's body weight consists of blood?
(a) 0.1%
(b) 1%
(c) 8%
(d) 30%
(c) Systemic - ANSWhat circulatory system is under the highest pressure?
(a) Pulmonary
(b) Coronary
(c) Systemic
(d) Capillaries
(d) A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive systems - ANSIn birds, the cloaca
is:
(a) An appendage suspended from the head
(b) A blind sac at the distal end of the jejunum
(c) A cleft in the hard palate
(d) A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive systems
(d) Femoral vein - ANSAll of the following major vessels contribute to blood flowing into
the cranial vena cava except for the:
(a) Brachiocephalic vein
(b) Thoracic duct
,VTNE PREP COMBINED, AAVSB
EXAM
STUDY GUIDE.
A COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026.
(c) Azygos vein
(d) Femoral vein
(b) Ilium - ANSWhich of these is not a division of teh small intestine?
(a) Duodenum
(b) Ilium
(c) Ileum
(d) Jejunum
(b) Endocrine system - ANSWhich of the following is a ductless system?
(a) Exocrine system
(b) Endocrine system
(c) Lymphatic system
(d) All of the above systems contain ducts
(b) Lacteals - ANSThe lymphatic structure found in the small intestines responsible for the
transport of fats and fat-soluble vitamins is:
(a) Afferent lymphatic vessels
(b) Lacteals
(c) Trabeculae
(d) Spleen
(a) Estrous - ANSThe time period from the beginning of one heat cycle to the beginning of
the next is called:
(a) Esrous
(b) Estrus
(c) Ovulation
(d) The mating cycle
(d) Diarthroses - ANSThe anatomic term for synovial joints is:
(a) Fibroarthroses
(b) Amphiarthroses
(c) Synarthroses
(d) Diarthroses
(d) Foramen ovale - ANSThe name of the hole between the cardiac atria that closes at birth in
the mammal is:
(a) Aortic hiatus
(b) Foramen
, VTNE PREP COMBINED, AAVSB
EXAM
STUDY GUIDE.
A COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026.
(c) Fossa
(d) Foramen ovale
(b) Tympanic membrane - ANSThe eardrum is also called the:
(a) Pinna
(b) Tympanic membrane
(c) Eustachian tubes
(d) Cochlea
(c) Carry oxygen to the tissues - ANSThe function of the red blood cell is to:
(a) Provide defense from foreign invaders
(b) Act as a phagocyte
(c) Carry oxygen to the tissues
(d) Respond to the need for clotting
(b) Pulmonary - ANSWhat artery carries deoxygenated blood?
(a) Aorta
(b) Pulmonary
(c) Coronary
(d) Carotid
(a) Hypoxia and erythropoietin - ANSRed blood cellproduction is stimulated by:
(a) Hypoxia and erythropoietin
(b) Erythropoietin and thrombocytes
(c) Fibrinogen and acetylcholine
(d) Leukocytes
(d) Sinoatrial node - ANSWhat structure is the pacemaker of the heart?
(a) Bundle of His
(b) Purkinje fibers
(c) Atrioventricular node
(d) Sinoatrial node
(c) Ventricular depolarization - ANSIn the normal heart ECG, the QRS complex corresponds
to what portion of the cardiac cycle?
(a) The QRS complex is the entire ECG cycle
(b) Atrial depolarization
(c) Ventricular depolarization
(d) Ventricular repolarization
EXAM
STUDY GUIDE.
A COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026.
(c) Systolic blood pressure - ANSThe pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular
contraction is:
(a) Diastolic blood pressure
(b) Osmotic pressure
(c) Systolic blood pressure
(d) Low pressure
(b) SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers - ANSIn what order does the impulse
for depolarization travel through the heart?
(a) AV node, SA node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
(b) SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
(c) SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His
(d) AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His
(a) Pylorus - ANSThe muscular sphincter located between the stomach and the duodenum is
the:
(a) Pylorus
(b) Cardia
(c) Chyme
(d) Rugae
(a) Threshold - ANSWhen a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization, it
has reached:
(a) Threshold
(b) Repolarization
(c) Refractory period
(d) Action potential
(b) Stomach - ANSSmooth muscles can be found in the:
(a) Heart
(b) Stomach
(c) Pelvic limb
(d) Diaphragm
(a) Negative - ANSOn inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity, as compared with
ambient air pressure, is
(a) Negative
(b) Positive
,VTNE PREP COMBINED, AAVSB
EXAM
STUDY GUIDE.
A COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026.
(c) Same as the ambient air pressure
(d) Fluctuating
(c) Brainstem - ANSThe cranial nerves originate from the
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Spinal cord
(c) Brainstem
(d) Cerebrum
(d) Oxytocin - ANSIn dairy cattle, the teats and udder are gently washed before milking to
stimulate the release of one of the following, to stimulate milk letdown
(a) Adrenalin
(b) Norepinephrine
(c) Dopamine
(d) Oxytocin
(c) 8% - ANSTypically, what percentage of an animal's body weight consists of blood?
(a) 0.1%
(b) 1%
(c) 8%
(d) 30%
(c) Systemic - ANSWhat circulatory system is under the highest pressure?
(a) Pulmonary
(b) Coronary
(c) Systemic
(d) Capillaries
(d) A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive systems - ANSIn birds, the cloaca
is:
(a) An appendage suspended from the head
(b) A blind sac at the distal end of the jejunum
(c) A cleft in the hard palate
(d) A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive systems
(d) Femoral vein - ANSAll of the following major vessels contribute to blood flowing into
the cranial vena cava except for the:
(a) Brachiocephalic vein
(b) Thoracic duct
,VTNE PREP COMBINED, AAVSB
EXAM
STUDY GUIDE.
A COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026.
(c) Azygos vein
(d) Femoral vein
(b) Ilium - ANSWhich of these is not a division of teh small intestine?
(a) Duodenum
(b) Ilium
(c) Ileum
(d) Jejunum
(b) Endocrine system - ANSWhich of the following is a ductless system?
(a) Exocrine system
(b) Endocrine system
(c) Lymphatic system
(d) All of the above systems contain ducts
(b) Lacteals - ANSThe lymphatic structure found in the small intestines responsible for the
transport of fats and fat-soluble vitamins is:
(a) Afferent lymphatic vessels
(b) Lacteals
(c) Trabeculae
(d) Spleen
(a) Estrous - ANSThe time period from the beginning of one heat cycle to the beginning of
the next is called:
(a) Esrous
(b) Estrus
(c) Ovulation
(d) The mating cycle
(d) Diarthroses - ANSThe anatomic term for synovial joints is:
(a) Fibroarthroses
(b) Amphiarthroses
(c) Synarthroses
(d) Diarthroses
(d) Foramen ovale - ANSThe name of the hole between the cardiac atria that closes at birth in
the mammal is:
(a) Aortic hiatus
(b) Foramen
, VTNE PREP COMBINED, AAVSB
EXAM
STUDY GUIDE.
A COMPREHENSIVE EXAM STUDY
GUIDE LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026.
(c) Fossa
(d) Foramen ovale
(b) Tympanic membrane - ANSThe eardrum is also called the:
(a) Pinna
(b) Tympanic membrane
(c) Eustachian tubes
(d) Cochlea
(c) Carry oxygen to the tissues - ANSThe function of the red blood cell is to:
(a) Provide defense from foreign invaders
(b) Act as a phagocyte
(c) Carry oxygen to the tissues
(d) Respond to the need for clotting
(b) Pulmonary - ANSWhat artery carries deoxygenated blood?
(a) Aorta
(b) Pulmonary
(c) Coronary
(d) Carotid
(a) Hypoxia and erythropoietin - ANSRed blood cellproduction is stimulated by:
(a) Hypoxia and erythropoietin
(b) Erythropoietin and thrombocytes
(c) Fibrinogen and acetylcholine
(d) Leukocytes
(d) Sinoatrial node - ANSWhat structure is the pacemaker of the heart?
(a) Bundle of His
(b) Purkinje fibers
(c) Atrioventricular node
(d) Sinoatrial node
(c) Ventricular depolarization - ANSIn the normal heart ECG, the QRS complex corresponds
to what portion of the cardiac cycle?
(a) The QRS complex is the entire ECG cycle
(b) Atrial depolarization
(c) Ventricular depolarization
(d) Ventricular repolarization
