kidney stones diagnosis
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H&P, CT/US, uteroscopy
Kidney stone sizes
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■ < 5mm → 50% spontaneous passage
■ 1cm or > ---> almost NO chance of passage
pre renal
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sudden and severe drop in blood pressure or interruption of blood flow to
the kidneys from severe injury or illness
What is renin and why would it be released?
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an enzyme created and stored in the kidney arterioles that is released
when there is a: Drop in BP in the juxtaglomerular arterioles, A decrease in
the Na+-Cl concentration in the distal convoluted tubule, Sympathetic
nerve stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors on the juxtaglomerular
cells, Release of prostaglandins
Pyelonephritis diagnosis
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H&P, CT/US, UA/UCx
kidney stones signs
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■ Renal colic (classic sign)
■ Urgency
■ Frequent voiding
■ Urge incontinence
, ■ N/V r/t pain
■ Gross or microscopic hematuria
Bladder scan
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Shows urine accumulating in the bladder
Bad part: If somebody has ascites fluid, you can pick up on that fluid
How do we keep the glomerular filtration rate constant?
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The intrarenal vascular tone is autoregulated to keep the arterial pressures
between 80 and 180mmHg to keep the glomerular filtration rate constant
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) risk factors
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■ Age (<5 and >65)
■ Immunocompromised
■ Eating contaminated food
■ Swimming in contaminated water
■ Close contact with an affected person
secondary glomerular injury
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consequence of systemic diseases
DM, systemic lupus, CHF, HIV-related kidney disease
Kidney stone risk factors
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■ Age (most people develop 1ststone before 50)
■ More common in males
■ Living in hot climates
■ Lower water consumption
● Dehydration is a prime time for developing kidney stones
● When you urine becomes very concentrated
■ Limited physical activity
■ High consumption of meat/beer (purines)
■ Gout
What does the medulla (inner) consist of?
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○ Renal pyramids
■ Loops of Henle
■ Collecting ducts
urine culture test
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Give this one a try later!
H&P, CT/US, uteroscopy
Kidney stone sizes
Give this one a try later!
■ < 5mm → 50% spontaneous passage
■ 1cm or > ---> almost NO chance of passage
pre renal
,Give this one a try later!
sudden and severe drop in blood pressure or interruption of blood flow to
the kidneys from severe injury or illness
What is renin and why would it be released?
Give this one a try later!
an enzyme created and stored in the kidney arterioles that is released
when there is a: Drop in BP in the juxtaglomerular arterioles, A decrease in
the Na+-Cl concentration in the distal convoluted tubule, Sympathetic
nerve stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors on the juxtaglomerular
cells, Release of prostaglandins
Pyelonephritis diagnosis
Give this one a try later!
H&P, CT/US, UA/UCx
kidney stones signs
Give this one a try later!
■ Renal colic (classic sign)
■ Urgency
■ Frequent voiding
■ Urge incontinence
, ■ N/V r/t pain
■ Gross or microscopic hematuria
Bladder scan
Give this one a try later!
Shows urine accumulating in the bladder
Bad part: If somebody has ascites fluid, you can pick up on that fluid
How do we keep the glomerular filtration rate constant?
Give this one a try later!
The intrarenal vascular tone is autoregulated to keep the arterial pressures
between 80 and 180mmHg to keep the glomerular filtration rate constant
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) risk factors
Give this one a try later!
■ Age (<5 and >65)
■ Immunocompromised
■ Eating contaminated food
■ Swimming in contaminated water
■ Close contact with an affected person
secondary glomerular injury
, Give this one a try later!
consequence of systemic diseases
DM, systemic lupus, CHF, HIV-related kidney disease
Kidney stone risk factors
Give this one a try later!
■ Age (most people develop 1ststone before 50)
■ More common in males
■ Living in hot climates
■ Lower water consumption
● Dehydration is a prime time for developing kidney stones
● When you urine becomes very concentrated
■ Limited physical activity
■ High consumption of meat/beer (purines)
■ Gout
What does the medulla (inner) consist of?
Give this one a try later!
○ Renal pyramids
■ Loops of Henle
■ Collecting ducts
urine culture test
Give this one a try later!
