PSL300 Term Test 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
3 types of ganglion cells Correct Answers Large, magnocellular
ganglion cells, (M cells): provide information that is used by the
brain to infer the movement of objects. These cells are phasic.
~10% of retinal ganglion cells
Small, parvocellular ganglion cells (P cells): provide
information that is used to infer form and fine detail, such as
texture. They are phasic or phase-tonic. ~70% of retinal
ganglion cells
melanopsin ganglion cells, which are photoreceptors, with their
own visual pigment, melanopsin. The pick up light on their own
without cones or rods They project to the suprachiasmatic
nucleus, a center for circadian. Tell you if its day or night
rhythms. ~1% of retinal ganglion cells
accomodation of lens Correct Answers a rounder lens bend light
more and so the focal point is a lot closer as the angle it its the
lens is bigger
acromegaly Correct Answers when bones are already formed,
but there is a lot of GH so instead of making it grow at the edge
of the long bones, the bone mass is deposited at the edges of
where there is still space for growth like noses or cheeks
adequate stimulus Correct Answers form of energy to which it
is most responsive like thermoreceptors respond most sensitivity
to temperature
,Anterior pituitary Correct Answers endocrine tissue and
secretes six
hormones: prolactin, thyrotropin,
adrenocorticotropin, growth hormone, follicle-
stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
As you age the number and quality oo your oocytes decrease
Correct Answers just an FYI
autonomic nervous system Correct Answers for visceral
functions such as heart rate and breathing
part of the system is the enteric nervous system which control
digestion and movements of the gut
it gets input from the spinal cord but can also work
independently
basal ganglia Correct Answers part of cerebral gray matter and
helps control movement
bulbourethral glands Correct Answers A pair of exocrine glands
near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra to
neutralize the acidic urine
Can the pupil size change? Correct Answers in bright light the
pupil constricts reducing the amount of light reaching the lens
in the dark they dilate around 20times bigger in area to let more
light in
,they eye operates over a huge range of illumination like a
summer afternoon is 100 million times brighter than a moonless
night due to the number of photoreceptors
center-surround receptive field Correct Answers a visual
receptive field with a circular center region and a surround
region forming a ring around the center; stimulation of the
center produces a response opposite that generated by
stimulation of the surround
around the surround field are the photoreceptors that are not
connected to the bipolar cells at all
Central Nervous System (CNS) Correct Answers brain and
spinal cord
Chevreul illusion Correct Answers Occurs when areas of
different lightness are positioned adjacent to one another to
create a border.
this shows emphasis on contrast, the brands are each a uniform
shade of grey, but they look darker at the right edges because the
color beside them is lighter
the contrast at the edges is accentuated because bipolar cells and
ganglion cells sense this contrast
Computer screen contain only red green and blue lights
so how can they show yellow objects? Correct Answers because
we are seeing a mix of wavelengths of those three colors
, Cons and Rods Correct Answers main photoreceptors in the
retina
each retina contains about 6 million cones and 120 million rods
rods and cones are neuron but do not fire action potentials but
instead respond to stimuli with graded membrane potentials
convergence of the neuron layers in the retina? Correct Answers
up to 45 photoreceptors may converge on a single bipolar cell
which in turn converge on ganglion cells so in each eye the
signal from 126 million receptors is condensed into 1 million
ganglion
convergence is greatest in the peripheral retina and least in the
fovea
some receptors project 1:1 to bipolars
Convex lens Correct Answers thicker in the middle and thinner
at the edges
it makes light rays converge to focal point
they are like magnifying glasses
so light waves will come from one potin hitting the lens at
different points which will bend the light making all the points
come to hit one point at the focal point
3 types of ganglion cells Correct Answers Large, magnocellular
ganglion cells, (M cells): provide information that is used by the
brain to infer the movement of objects. These cells are phasic.
~10% of retinal ganglion cells
Small, parvocellular ganglion cells (P cells): provide
information that is used to infer form and fine detail, such as
texture. They are phasic or phase-tonic. ~70% of retinal
ganglion cells
melanopsin ganglion cells, which are photoreceptors, with their
own visual pigment, melanopsin. The pick up light on their own
without cones or rods They project to the suprachiasmatic
nucleus, a center for circadian. Tell you if its day or night
rhythms. ~1% of retinal ganglion cells
accomodation of lens Correct Answers a rounder lens bend light
more and so the focal point is a lot closer as the angle it its the
lens is bigger
acromegaly Correct Answers when bones are already formed,
but there is a lot of GH so instead of making it grow at the edge
of the long bones, the bone mass is deposited at the edges of
where there is still space for growth like noses or cheeks
adequate stimulus Correct Answers form of energy to which it
is most responsive like thermoreceptors respond most sensitivity
to temperature
,Anterior pituitary Correct Answers endocrine tissue and
secretes six
hormones: prolactin, thyrotropin,
adrenocorticotropin, growth hormone, follicle-
stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
As you age the number and quality oo your oocytes decrease
Correct Answers just an FYI
autonomic nervous system Correct Answers for visceral
functions such as heart rate and breathing
part of the system is the enteric nervous system which control
digestion and movements of the gut
it gets input from the spinal cord but can also work
independently
basal ganglia Correct Answers part of cerebral gray matter and
helps control movement
bulbourethral glands Correct Answers A pair of exocrine glands
near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra to
neutralize the acidic urine
Can the pupil size change? Correct Answers in bright light the
pupil constricts reducing the amount of light reaching the lens
in the dark they dilate around 20times bigger in area to let more
light in
,they eye operates over a huge range of illumination like a
summer afternoon is 100 million times brighter than a moonless
night due to the number of photoreceptors
center-surround receptive field Correct Answers a visual
receptive field with a circular center region and a surround
region forming a ring around the center; stimulation of the
center produces a response opposite that generated by
stimulation of the surround
around the surround field are the photoreceptors that are not
connected to the bipolar cells at all
Central Nervous System (CNS) Correct Answers brain and
spinal cord
Chevreul illusion Correct Answers Occurs when areas of
different lightness are positioned adjacent to one another to
create a border.
this shows emphasis on contrast, the brands are each a uniform
shade of grey, but they look darker at the right edges because the
color beside them is lighter
the contrast at the edges is accentuated because bipolar cells and
ganglion cells sense this contrast
Computer screen contain only red green and blue lights
so how can they show yellow objects? Correct Answers because
we are seeing a mix of wavelengths of those three colors
, Cons and Rods Correct Answers main photoreceptors in the
retina
each retina contains about 6 million cones and 120 million rods
rods and cones are neuron but do not fire action potentials but
instead respond to stimuli with graded membrane potentials
convergence of the neuron layers in the retina? Correct Answers
up to 45 photoreceptors may converge on a single bipolar cell
which in turn converge on ganglion cells so in each eye the
signal from 126 million receptors is condensed into 1 million
ganglion
convergence is greatest in the peripheral retina and least in the
fovea
some receptors project 1:1 to bipolars
Convex lens Correct Answers thicker in the middle and thinner
at the edges
it makes light rays converge to focal point
they are like magnifying glasses
so light waves will come from one potin hitting the lens at
different points which will bend the light making all the points
come to hit one point at the focal point
