TEST BANK FOR Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated Handbook 4th Edition By Karen G. Duderstadt, And Victoria F. Keeton.||ALL CHAPTERS INCLUDED.||LATEST UPDATE/ all chapters 1-20 fully covered

,Pediatric Physical Examination 4th Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
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Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
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MULTIPLE CHOICE x@




1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statemen
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t best describes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within normal
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limits.

b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
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, c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development occu
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rring first. x@




d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth.
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ANS: A x@




Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs fu
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nction and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can v
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ary normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a
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definition for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle
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organization occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more co
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mplex process that is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately m
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easured. Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any del
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ays or deficits. x@ x@




b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
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c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
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d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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ANS: C x@




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific deve
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lopmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of ti
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me in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development
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that requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a
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nurturing environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation
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specific to their developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and pro
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ceed in a predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

, d. Nutrition


ANS: C x@




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Altho
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ugh factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits,
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they do not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is
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a significant factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influence
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s both growth and development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environ
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ment has a significant role in determining growth and development both before and after
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birth. The environment can influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifeste
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d, but environmental factors cannot eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical fo
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r growth and plays a significant role throughout childhood.
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4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the
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period of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fanta
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sy is the period of cognitive development.
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a. sensorimotor