Chapter 1 - Nursing Foundations 7q 7q 7q 7q
1. A client reports to the emergency department with ankle pain due to a minor road accident. By
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asking the client to describe the accident, which type of nursing skill is the nurse using?
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A. assessment skills 7q
B. comforting skills 7q
C. counseling skills 7q
D. caringskills 7q
7q Answer: A 7q
Rationale: By asking the client to describe the accident, the nurse is using assessment skills to collect
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more information about the client's condition. The nurse is interviewing the client to collect related
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data. The nurse is not using comforting skills, as the nurse is not providing any emotional support.
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The counseling skills of the nurse are also not used, as no health education is provided. Caring skills
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include assistance provided with the activities of daily living, which is not applicable in this
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scenario.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Understand
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Client Needs: Safe, EffectiveCareEnvironment: Management ofCare Integrated
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Process: Nursing Process
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Reference: p. 15 7q 7q
2. One of the nursing achievements in the Crimean War was that the death rate of soldiers
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dropped from 60% to 1%. What is the most appropriate reason for the fall in the death rate?
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A. increased motivation among the soldiers 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. decreased rate of infection and gangrene 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
C. increased funds courtesy of donations from families 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
D. college-basededucationandtrainingofnurses 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
7q Answer: B 7q
Rationale: During the Crimean War, the death rate of British soldiers was 60%, which dropped to 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
1% due to the nursing care provided. The nurses improved the ventilation, nutritional, and
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sanitary conditions of the soldiers, leading to decreased rates of infection and gangrene. As a result,
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the death rate dropped. The families and the soldiers donated funds after the war, not during the
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war, through which an organized education and training facility for nurses was started.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Remember
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Client Needs: Safe, Effective CareEnvironment: Safety and Infection Control
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Integrated Process: Nursing Process
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Reference: p. 3 7q 7q
3. A nurse at a health care facility provides information, assistance, and encouragement to
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clients during the various phases of nursing care. In which activity does the nurse use
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counseling skills?
7q 7q
A. educating a group of young girls about AIDS 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. telling a client to localize the pain in his abdomen 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
C. encouraging a client to walk without support 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
,D. assisting alactating motherin feeding her child 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
7q Answer: A 7q
Rationale: The activity of educating a group of young girls about AIDS is based on the nurse using
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counseling skills. Telling a client to localize his pain is an assessment skill.
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Encouraging a client to walk without support can be both a comforting skill and a caring skill. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Assisting a lactating mother in feeding her baby is an example of a caring skill.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Understand
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Client Needs Pn: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
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Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
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Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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Client Needs Pn: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
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Reference: p. 15 7q 7q
4. A nurse is conducting an interview of a 40-year-old client who is admitted with chest pain. Which
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action by the nurse indicates active listening?
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A. listening to the client silently 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. interrupting after each sentence 7q 7q 7q
C. asking for clarifications and repetitions 7q 7q 7q 7q
D. talkingaboutthenurse'sown experience 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
7q Answer: C 7q
Rationale: Active listening is an important component of counseling skills. It encourages the
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client to open up and express their concerns. The nurse may ask the client to repeat and clarify
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statements. Interrupting after every sentence may annoy the client. When the nurse listens to the
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client silently, the client may feel that the nurse is not interested. On the other hand, if the nurse
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talks about the nurse's own experience, the focus of the session shifts to the nurse rather than to the
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client.
7q
Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Apply
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ClientNeeds:PsychosocialIntegrity
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Integrated Process: Caring
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Reference: p. 15
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5. A student wants to attend a nursing program that prepares its graduates for both staff and
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managerial positions. Which type of nursing program should the nurse suggest for this student?
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A. hospital-based diploma 7q
B. baccalaureate nursing program 7q 7q
C. associate degree program 7q 7q
D. continuingnursingprogram 7q 7q
7q Answer: B 7q
,Rationale: Baccalaureate-prepared nurses have the greatest potential for qualifying for nursing
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positions at bothstaff and managerial levels. Hospital-based diploma programs are 3- year courses
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and provide maximum exposure to clinical nursing. Students becoming nurses through the
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
associate degree program would not be expected to work in a management position. Continuing
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nursing programs are on-the-job educational programs.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Remember
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Client Needs Pn: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
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Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
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Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
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Reference: p. 11 7q 7q
6. A client is brought to the emergency department with a head injury following an all-terrain
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vehicle (ATV) accident. The nurse asks the family members to describe how the accident
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occurred. The nurse is implementing which type of skill?
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A. assessment skills 7q
B. caring skills 7q
C. counseling skills 7q
D. comfortingskills 7q
7q Answer: A 7q
Rationale: The immediate requirement when a client is brought to the emergency department with a
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head injury is to assess the injury and the system affected, as well as a description of how the
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accident occurred. This requires implementation of assessment skills. Subsequently, the nurse can
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implement caring skills, counseling skills, and comforting skills; however, assessment should be
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the priority.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Understand
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Client Needs: Safe, EffectiveCareEnvironment: Management ofCare Integrated
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Process: Nursing Process
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Reference: p. 15 7q 7q
7. Training schools for nurses were established in the United States after the Civil War. The 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
standards of U.S. schools deviated from those of the Nightingale paradigm. Which statement is
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true about U.S. training schools?
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A. Training schools were affiliated with a few select hospitals. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. Training of nurses provided no financial advantages to the hospital. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
C. Training was formal, based on nursing care. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
D. Training schools eliminated the need to pay employees. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Answer: D 7q
Rationale: Training schools in the United States profited by eliminating the need to pay
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employees because students worked without pay in return for training, which usually consisted of
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chores. U.S. training schools were established by any hospital; there was no formal training.
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Training was an outcome of work, which eliminated the need to pay employees. Nightingale
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training schools were affiliated with a few select hospitals, training
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, of nurses provided no financial advantages to the hospital, and the training was formal, based on
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nursing care.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Remember
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Client Needs Pn: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
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Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
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Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
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Reference: p. 5 7q 7q
8. In a nursing unit, the RN delegates nursing tasks to the LPN. Keeping in mind the
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delegation guidelines, which statement denotes the right task for the LPN?
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A. Make beds with the help of unlicensed assistive personnel. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. Assist clients with nasogastric tube feeds. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
C. Take orders from an in-house physician. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
D. Assess the client's needs and start an intravenous line. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Answer: B 7q
Rationale: Assisting clients with nasogastric tube feeding is an appropriate task for an LPN, as it
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does not require independent decisions and sophisticated techniques. According to the delegation
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guidelines, "right task" means that the task should be assigned according to the competency of the
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caregiver. LPNs may not be authorized to make independent decisions, like starting an IV line, for
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the client. Bed making is a very basic task and may not be appropriate for an LPN if the UAP is
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already present. When the RN and LPN are present, the RN takes the physician's orders.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Apply
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ClientNeeds:Physiological Integrity:Basic Care andComfort Integrated
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Process: Nursing Process
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Reference: p. 8 7q 7q
9. A 50-year-old client reports to a primary care unit with an open wound due to a fall in the
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bathroom. Which nursing actions represent caring skills?
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A. The nurse cleans the wound and applies a dressing to it.
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B. The nurse inspects and examines the wound for swelling.
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C. The nurse tells the client to take care while on slippery surfaces.
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D. The nurse informs the client that the wound is small and will heal easily.
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Answer: A 7q
Rationale: The nursing action of cleaning the wound and applying a dressing indicates caring skills.
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Caring skills involve nursing interventions that restore or maintain a person's health.
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The nurse implements assessment skills while inspecting and examining the wound. The nurse
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counsels the client to take care when walking on slippery surfaces. By informing the client about the
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wound's condition, the nurse uses comforting skills.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Understand
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1. A client reports to the emergency department with ankle pain due to a minor road accident. By
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asking the client to describe the accident, which type of nursing skill is the nurse using?
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A. assessment skills 7q
B. comforting skills 7q
C. counseling skills 7q
D. caringskills 7q
7q Answer: A 7q
Rationale: By asking the client to describe the accident, the nurse is using assessment skills to collect
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more information about the client's condition. The nurse is interviewing the client to collect related
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data. The nurse is not using comforting skills, as the nurse is not providing any emotional support.
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The counseling skills of the nurse are also not used, as no health education is provided. Caring skills
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include assistance provided with the activities of daily living, which is not applicable in this
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scenario.
7q
Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
7q 7q 7q 7q
Cognitive Level: Understand
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Client Needs: Safe, EffectiveCareEnvironment: Management ofCare Integrated
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Process: Nursing Process
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Reference: p. 15 7q 7q
2. One of the nursing achievements in the Crimean War was that the death rate of soldiers
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dropped from 60% to 1%. What is the most appropriate reason for the fall in the death rate?
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A. increased motivation among the soldiers 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. decreased rate of infection and gangrene 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
C. increased funds courtesy of donations from families 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
D. college-basededucationandtrainingofnurses 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
7q Answer: B 7q
Rationale: During the Crimean War, the death rate of British soldiers was 60%, which dropped to 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
1% due to the nursing care provided. The nurses improved the ventilation, nutritional, and
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
sanitary conditions of the soldiers, leading to decreased rates of infection and gangrene. As a result,
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
the death rate dropped. The families and the soldiers donated funds after the war, not during the
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war, through which an organized education and training facility for nurses was started.
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
7q 7q 7q 7q
Cognitive Level: Remember
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Client Needs: Safe, Effective CareEnvironment: Safety and Infection Control
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Integrated Process: Nursing Process
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Reference: p. 3 7q 7q
3. A nurse at a health care facility provides information, assistance, and encouragement to
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clients during the various phases of nursing care. In which activity does the nurse use
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
counseling skills?
7q 7q
A. educating a group of young girls about AIDS 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. telling a client to localize the pain in his abdomen 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
C. encouraging a client to walk without support 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
,D. assisting alactating motherin feeding her child 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
7q Answer: A 7q
Rationale: The activity of educating a group of young girls about AIDS is based on the nurse using
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counseling skills. Telling a client to localize his pain is an assessment skill.
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Encouraging a client to walk without support can be both a comforting skill and a caring skill. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Assisting a lactating mother in feeding her baby is an example of a caring skill.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
7q 7q 7q 7q
Cognitive Level: Understand
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Client Needs Pn: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
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Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
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Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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Client Needs Pn: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
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Reference: p. 15 7q 7q
4. A nurse is conducting an interview of a 40-year-old client who is admitted with chest pain. Which
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action by the nurse indicates active listening?
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
A. listening to the client silently 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. interrupting after each sentence 7q 7q 7q
C. asking for clarifications and repetitions 7q 7q 7q 7q
D. talkingaboutthenurse'sown experience 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
7q Answer: C 7q
Rationale: Active listening is an important component of counseling skills. It encourages the
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
client to open up and express their concerns. The nurse may ask the client to repeat and clarify
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
statements. Interrupting after every sentence may annoy the client. When the nurse listens to the
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client silently, the client may feel that the nurse is not interested. On the other hand, if the nurse
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
talks about the nurse's own experience, the focus of the session shifts to the nurse rather than to the
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
client.
7q
Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
7q 7q 7q 7q
Cognitive Level: Apply
7q 7q 7q
ClientNeeds:PsychosocialIntegrity
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Integrated Process: Caring
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Reference: p. 15
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5. A student wants to attend a nursing program that prepares its graduates for both staff and
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
managerial positions. Which type of nursing program should the nurse suggest for this student?
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
A. hospital-based diploma 7q
B. baccalaureate nursing program 7q 7q
C. associate degree program 7q 7q
D. continuingnursingprogram 7q 7q
7q Answer: B 7q
,Rationale: Baccalaureate-prepared nurses have the greatest potential for qualifying for nursing
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
positions at bothstaff and managerial levels. Hospital-based diploma programs are 3- year courses
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
and provide maximum exposure to clinical nursing. Students becoming nurses through the
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
associate degree program would not be expected to work in a management position. Continuing
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
nursing programs are on-the-job educational programs.
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
7q 7q 7q 7q
Cognitive Level: Remember
7q 7q 7q
Client Needs Pn: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
7q 7q 7q
Reference: p. 11 7q 7q
6. A client is brought to the emergency department with a head injury following an all-terrain
7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
vehicle (ATV) accident. The nurse asks the family members to describe how the accident
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occurred. The nurse is implementing which type of skill?
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A. assessment skills 7q
B. caring skills 7q
C. counseling skills 7q
D. comfortingskills 7q
7q Answer: A 7q
Rationale: The immediate requirement when a client is brought to the emergency department with a
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head injury is to assess the injury and the system affected, as well as a description of how the
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accident occurred. This requires implementation of assessment skills. Subsequently, the nurse can
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implement caring skills, counseling skills, and comforting skills; however, assessment should be
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the priority.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Understand
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Client Needs: Safe, EffectiveCareEnvironment: Management ofCare Integrated
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Process: Nursing Process
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Reference: p. 15 7q 7q
7. Training schools for nurses were established in the United States after the Civil War. The 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
standards of U.S. schools deviated from those of the Nightingale paradigm. Which statement is
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true about U.S. training schools?
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A. Training schools were affiliated with a few select hospitals. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. Training of nurses provided no financial advantages to the hospital. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
C. Training was formal, based on nursing care. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
D. Training schools eliminated the need to pay employees. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Answer: D 7q
Rationale: Training schools in the United States profited by eliminating the need to pay
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employees because students worked without pay in return for training, which usually consisted of
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chores. U.S. training schools were established by any hospital; there was no formal training.
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Training was an outcome of work, which eliminated the need to pay employees. Nightingale
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training schools were affiliated with a few select hospitals, training
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, of nurses provided no financial advantages to the hospital, and the training was formal, based on
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nursing care.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Remember
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Client Needs Pn: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Coordinated Care
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Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
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Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
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Reference: p. 5 7q 7q
8. In a nursing unit, the RN delegates nursing tasks to the LPN. Keeping in mind the
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delegation guidelines, which statement denotes the right task for the LPN?
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A. Make beds with the help of unlicensed assistive personnel. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
B. Assist clients with nasogastric tube feeds. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
C. Take orders from an in-house physician. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
D. Assess the client's needs and start an intravenous line. 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q 7q
Answer: B 7q
Rationale: Assisting clients with nasogastric tube feeding is an appropriate task for an LPN, as it
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does not require independent decisions and sophisticated techniques. According to the delegation
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guidelines, "right task" means that the task should be assigned according to the competency of the
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caregiver. LPNs may not be authorized to make independent decisions, like starting an IV line, for
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the client. Bed making is a very basic task and may not be appropriate for an LPN if the UAP is
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already present. When the RN and LPN are present, the RN takes the physician's orders.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Apply
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ClientNeeds:Physiological Integrity:Basic Care andComfort Integrated
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Process: Nursing Process
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Reference: p. 8 7q 7q
9. A 50-year-old client reports to a primary care unit with an open wound due to a fall in the
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bathroom. Which nursing actions represent caring skills?
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A. The nurse cleans the wound and applies a dressing to it.
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B. The nurse inspects and examines the wound for swelling.
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C. The nurse tells the client to take care while on slippery surfaces.
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D. The nurse informs the client that the wound is small and will heal easily.
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Answer: A 7q
Rationale: The nursing action of cleaning the wound and applying a dressing indicates caring skills.
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Caring skills involve nursing interventions that restore or maintain a person's health.
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The nurse implements assessment skills while inspecting and examining the wound. The nurse
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counsels the client to take care when walking on slippery surfaces. By informing the client about the
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wound's condition, the nurse uses comforting skills.
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Questionformat:MultipleChoice 7q 7q 7q
Chapter 1: Nursing Foundations
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Cognitive Level: Understand
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