Test Bank for Medical surgical nursing 7th edition with 100% Researched question and answers.

Test Bank for Medical surgical nursing 7th edition with 100% Researched question and answers. Altered cognitive states are common diagnoses as? - ANSWERS delirium or dementia depending on the onset, duration, contributing factors, response to intervention, and progression. It is possible to have both dementia and delirium at the same time. delirium - ANSWERS an acutely disturbed state of mind that occurs in fever, intoxication, and other disorders and is characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence of thought and speech and that usually gets resolved when the underlying problem is corrected. Examples of factors that may cause delirium in the older adult are infection, fever, and drug effects. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) - ANSWERS is published by the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM-5 provides guidelines for the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders. Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) - ANSWERS Include delirium, as well as major NCDs, mild in NCDs, and their subtypes based on cause. NCDs exist along a continuum from mild to moderate depending on the severity of impairment. Each of the neurocognitive disorders affects one or more domains of cognitive function. - ANSWERS These domains are complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor function, and social cognition. Complex attention disorders - ANSWERS Complex attention disorders result in difficulty staying on task and sorting through multiple stimuli. Executive function - ANSWERS allows people to plan, make decisions, carry out plans, and evaluate activities. Therefore a person with impaired executive function has difficulty with multitasking and carrying out multiple steps. cognitive impairment - ANSWERS loss of ability to think logically; concentration and memory are affected. altered cognition - ANSWERS Physiologic factor that frequently hinders effective communication. These onsets are commonly diagnosed as delirium or dementia depending on the onset, duration, contributing factors, response to interventions, and progression. altered mental function - ANSWERS develops suddenly or gradually depending on the underlying pathology. dementia - ANSWERS a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes. Major NCD. factors that may cause delirium - ANSWERS fever, infection, and drug effects. neurocognitive disorders - ANSWERS acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive deficits; often related to Alzheimer's disease, brain injury or disease, or substance abuse. In older adults, neurocognitive disorders were formerly called dementia. Affects one ore more domains of cognitive function. These domains are complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor function, and social cognition. executive function - ANSWERS allows people to plan, make decisions, carry out plans, and evaluate activities. Therefore, a person with impaired executive function has difficulty with multitasking caring out multiple steps. perceptual-motor disorders - ANSWERS Can affect the ability to perform usual activities, such as driving a car. social cognition - ANSWERS the processes by which people come to understand others. Is concerned with recognizing emotions. They may have personality changes and become insensitive to the feeling of others. These disturbances can be mild or major. altered cognitive states. - ANSWERS Are commonly diagnosed as delirium or dementia depending on the onset, duration, contributing factors, response to intervention, and progression. examples of factors that may cause delirium in the older adult are? - ANSWERS Infection, fever, and drug effects. complex attention - ANSWERS disorders result in difficulty staying on task and sorting through multiple stimuli. learning and memory - ANSWERS May affect short term and long term memory, which can affect all aspects of functioning. A person might forget appointments, leave food on a hot stove, be unable to dress or shop, or become lost. Language disorders - ANSWERS Can affect the ability to understand or use words. Perceptual-motor dirsorders - ANSWERS can affect the ability to perform usual activities, such as driving a car. Various defects in vision may be present. S Social cognition - ANSWERS is concerned with recognizing emotions. When social cognition is disturbed, people may say or do socially inappropriate things. They may have personality changes and become insensitive to the feelings of others. These disturbances can be mild or major. Delirium - ANSWERS Is a decline from a person's usual attention and awareness (orientation to the environment). People with delirium may have difficulty focusing or paying attention; consequently, they are easily distracted. Engaging them in a conversation may be difficult, and often questions must be repeated. Delirium develops over a short period of time and tends to vary in severity throughout the day. In addition to altered attention and awareness, the patient has an additional disturbance such as memory deficit, disorientation, or a language or perceptual problem. Speech may be slurred and disjointed with aimless repetitions. Individuals may misinterpret what is happening in the environment and may develop delusional thinking and experience hallucinations. Examples are they may think that the banging of a door is a gunshot. A common delusion is that someone is trying to steal from them. Sleep wake disturbances are common. A delirious person may be hyperactive, hypoactive, or alternate between the two. The level of consciousness may fluctuate from drowsiness to stupor or coma. At the other extreme, the individual may be extremely alert and agitated. diagnoses of delirum - ANSWERS evidence must exist that the symptoms can be explained by the medical condition, substance intoxication or withdrawal, exposure to a toxin, or multiple causes. Example of medical conditions that can cause delirium are infection, liver or kidney failure, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and hypoxia. Drugs such as alcohol, opioids, cannabis, hallucinogens, sedatives, antianxiety drugs, amphetamines, and cocaine. Substance Withdrawal delirium - ANSWERS Withdrawal from certain substances can precipitate symptoms of delirium that are sufficiently severe to warrant clinical attention. These substances include alcohol; opioids; sedative, hypnotics, and anxiolytics; and others. Anticholinergics - ANSWERS Atropine GI - Slows motility, spasm Eyes - Dilates pupils *DO NOT GIVE TO GLAUCOME PTS* Heart - Increase HR Resp - bronchodilator (Atrovent) immobility and boredom - ANSWERS are a risk factor for delirium.