NURS 280 Chronic and
Pal Care Exam 1 with
correct answers
2025/2026
An elderly patient has presented to the clinic with a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The
patients daughter is accompanying him and you have explained why the incidence of chronic
diseases tends to increase with age. What rationale for this phenomenon should you describe?
A) With age, biologic changes reduce the efficiency of body systems.
B) Older adults often have less support and care from their family, resulting in illness.
C) There is an increased morbidity of peers in this age group, and this leads to the older adults
desire to also assume the sick role.
D) Chronic illnesses are diagnosed more often in older adults because they have more contact
with the health care system. - correct answersA
A patient tells the nurse that her doctor just told her that her new diagnosis of rheumatoid
arthritis is considered to be a chronic condition. She asks the nurse what chronic condition
means. What would be the nurses best response?
A) Chronic conditions are defined as health problems that require management of several
months or longer.
B) Chronic conditions are diseases that come and go in a relatively predictable cycle.
,C) Chronic conditions are medical conditions that culminate in disabilities that require
hospitalization.
D) Chronic conditions are those that require short-term management in extended-care facilities.
- correct answersA
A medical-surgical nurse is teaching a patient about the health implications of her recently
diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The nurse should teach the patient to be proactive with her glycemic
control in order to reduce her risk of what health problem?
A) Arthritis
B) Renal failure
C) Pancreatic cancer
D) Asthma - correct answersB
A patient who undergoes hemodialysis three times weekly is on a fluid restriction of 1000
mL/day. The nurse sees the patient drinking a 355-mL (12 ounce) soft drink after the patient has
already reached the maximum intake of fluid for the day. What action should the nurse take?
A) Take the soft drink away from the patient and inform the dialysis nurse to remove extra fluid
from the patient during the next dialysis treatment
B) Document the patients behavior as noncompliant and notify the physician
C) Further restrict the patients fluid for the following day and communicate this information to
the charge nurse
D) Reinforce the importance of the fluid restriction and document the teaching and the intake
of extra fluid - correct answersD
A patient with end-stage lung cancer has been admitted to hospice care. The hospice team is
meeting with the patient and her family to establish goals for care. What is likely to be a first
priority in goal setting for the patient?
A) Maintenance of activities of daily living
B) Pain control
C) Social interaction
,D) Promotion of spirituality - correct answersB
An international nurse has noted that a trend in developing countries is a decrease in mortality
from some acute conditions. This has corresponded with an increase in the incidence and
prevalence of chronic diseases. What has contributed to this decrease in mortality from some
acute conditions?
A) Improved nutrition
B) Integration of alternative health practices
C) Stronger international security measures
D) Decrease in obesity - correct answersA
A 37-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis is married and has three children. The nurse has
worked extensively with the woman and her family to plan appropriate care. What is the nurses
most important role with this patient?
A) Ensure the patient adheres to all treatments
B) Provide the patient with advice on alternative treatment options
C) Provide a detailed plan of activities of daily living (ADLs) for the patient
D) Help the patient develop strategies to implement treatment regimens - correct answersD
A patient has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The patient is clinically obese and
has a sedentary lifestyle. How can the nurse best begin to help the patient increase his activity
level?
A) Set up appointment times at a local fitness center for the patient to attend.
B) Have a family member ensure the patient follows a suggested exercise plan.
C) Construct an exercise program and have the patient follow it.
D) Identify barriers with the patient that inhibit his lifestyle change. - correct answersD
A home care nurse is making an initial visit to a 68-year-old man. The nurse finds the man
tearful and emotionally withdrawn. Even though the man lives alone and has no family, he has
, been managing well at home until now. What would be the most appropriate action for the
nurse to take?
A) Reassess the patients psychosocial status and make the necessary referrals
B) Have the patient volunteer in the community for social contact
C) Arrange for the patient to be reassessed by his social worker
D) Encourage the patient to focus on the positive aspects of his life - correct answersA
You are caring for a patient with a history of chronic angina. The patient tells you that after
breakfast he usually takes a shower and shaves. It is at this time, the patient says, that he tends
to experience chest pain. What might you counsel the patient to do to decrease the likelihood
of angina in the morning? A. Shower in the evening and shave before breakfast.
B. Skip breakfast and eat an early lunch.
C. Take a nitro tab prior to breakfast.
D. Shower once a week and shave prior to breakfast. - correct answersA
A man with a physical disability uses a wheelchair. The individual wants to attend a support
group for the parents of autistic children, which is being held in the basement of a church.
When the individual arrives at the church, he realizes there are no ramps or elevators to the
basement so he will not be able to attend the support group. What type of barrier did this
patient encounter?
A) A structural barrier
B) A barrier to health care
C) An institutional barrier
D) A transportation barrier - correct answersA
A patient who is legally blind is being admitted to the hospital. The patient informs the nurse
that she needs to have her guide dog present during her hospitalization. What is the nurses best
response to the patient?
A) Arrangements can be made for your guide dog to be at the hospital with you during your
stay.
Pal Care Exam 1 with
correct answers
2025/2026
An elderly patient has presented to the clinic with a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The
patients daughter is accompanying him and you have explained why the incidence of chronic
diseases tends to increase with age. What rationale for this phenomenon should you describe?
A) With age, biologic changes reduce the efficiency of body systems.
B) Older adults often have less support and care from their family, resulting in illness.
C) There is an increased morbidity of peers in this age group, and this leads to the older adults
desire to also assume the sick role.
D) Chronic illnesses are diagnosed more often in older adults because they have more contact
with the health care system. - correct answersA
A patient tells the nurse that her doctor just told her that her new diagnosis of rheumatoid
arthritis is considered to be a chronic condition. She asks the nurse what chronic condition
means. What would be the nurses best response?
A) Chronic conditions are defined as health problems that require management of several
months or longer.
B) Chronic conditions are diseases that come and go in a relatively predictable cycle.
,C) Chronic conditions are medical conditions that culminate in disabilities that require
hospitalization.
D) Chronic conditions are those that require short-term management in extended-care facilities.
- correct answersA
A medical-surgical nurse is teaching a patient about the health implications of her recently
diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The nurse should teach the patient to be proactive with her glycemic
control in order to reduce her risk of what health problem?
A) Arthritis
B) Renal failure
C) Pancreatic cancer
D) Asthma - correct answersB
A patient who undergoes hemodialysis three times weekly is on a fluid restriction of 1000
mL/day. The nurse sees the patient drinking a 355-mL (12 ounce) soft drink after the patient has
already reached the maximum intake of fluid for the day. What action should the nurse take?
A) Take the soft drink away from the patient and inform the dialysis nurse to remove extra fluid
from the patient during the next dialysis treatment
B) Document the patients behavior as noncompliant and notify the physician
C) Further restrict the patients fluid for the following day and communicate this information to
the charge nurse
D) Reinforce the importance of the fluid restriction and document the teaching and the intake
of extra fluid - correct answersD
A patient with end-stage lung cancer has been admitted to hospice care. The hospice team is
meeting with the patient and her family to establish goals for care. What is likely to be a first
priority in goal setting for the patient?
A) Maintenance of activities of daily living
B) Pain control
C) Social interaction
,D) Promotion of spirituality - correct answersB
An international nurse has noted that a trend in developing countries is a decrease in mortality
from some acute conditions. This has corresponded with an increase in the incidence and
prevalence of chronic diseases. What has contributed to this decrease in mortality from some
acute conditions?
A) Improved nutrition
B) Integration of alternative health practices
C) Stronger international security measures
D) Decrease in obesity - correct answersA
A 37-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis is married and has three children. The nurse has
worked extensively with the woman and her family to plan appropriate care. What is the nurses
most important role with this patient?
A) Ensure the patient adheres to all treatments
B) Provide the patient with advice on alternative treatment options
C) Provide a detailed plan of activities of daily living (ADLs) for the patient
D) Help the patient develop strategies to implement treatment regimens - correct answersD
A patient has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The patient is clinically obese and
has a sedentary lifestyle. How can the nurse best begin to help the patient increase his activity
level?
A) Set up appointment times at a local fitness center for the patient to attend.
B) Have a family member ensure the patient follows a suggested exercise plan.
C) Construct an exercise program and have the patient follow it.
D) Identify barriers with the patient that inhibit his lifestyle change. - correct answersD
A home care nurse is making an initial visit to a 68-year-old man. The nurse finds the man
tearful and emotionally withdrawn. Even though the man lives alone and has no family, he has
, been managing well at home until now. What would be the most appropriate action for the
nurse to take?
A) Reassess the patients psychosocial status and make the necessary referrals
B) Have the patient volunteer in the community for social contact
C) Arrange for the patient to be reassessed by his social worker
D) Encourage the patient to focus on the positive aspects of his life - correct answersA
You are caring for a patient with a history of chronic angina. The patient tells you that after
breakfast he usually takes a shower and shaves. It is at this time, the patient says, that he tends
to experience chest pain. What might you counsel the patient to do to decrease the likelihood
of angina in the morning? A. Shower in the evening and shave before breakfast.
B. Skip breakfast and eat an early lunch.
C. Take a nitro tab prior to breakfast.
D. Shower once a week and shave prior to breakfast. - correct answersA
A man with a physical disability uses a wheelchair. The individual wants to attend a support
group for the parents of autistic children, which is being held in the basement of a church.
When the individual arrives at the church, he realizes there are no ramps or elevators to the
basement so he will not be able to attend the support group. What type of barrier did this
patient encounter?
A) A structural barrier
B) A barrier to health care
C) An institutional barrier
D) A transportation barrier - correct answersA
A patient who is legally blind is being admitted to the hospital. The patient informs the nurse
that she needs to have her guide dog present during her hospitalization. What is the nurses best
response to the patient?
A) Arrangements can be made for your guide dog to be at the hospital with you during your
stay.
