Exam 1- 280 with
correct answers
2025/2026
A mother who is with her son when a cast is removed from his arm asks the nurse "What is
wrong with my son's arm? It looks so small!" What is the nurse's best response?
A."The cells have atrophied due to lack of use and will regain their size as he starts to use the
arm."
B."The cast has squeezed the arm and decreased its size."
C."There is less fluid in the arm due to the arm's being compressed."
D."The child has lost weight." - correct answersA."The cells have atrophied due to lack of use
and will regain their size as he starts to use the arm."
A woman who has just learned that she is pregnant for the first time has sought advice from her
health care provider about the safe use of alcohol during pregnancy. What advice should the
clinician provide to the woman?
,A. "It's likely best to eliminate alcohol from your diet while you're pregnant."
B. "Moderation in alcohol use is critical while you are pregnant."
C. "You should limit yourself to a maximum of one drink daily while you're pregnant."
D. "You should drink no alcohol until you are in your second trimester." - correct answersA. "It's
likely best to eliminate alcohol from your diet while you're pregnant."
A pregnant client has just undergone cytogenetic studies to determine fetal karyotyping. She
learns that her fetus has trisomy 21. Which of the following is a manifestation of this condition?
A. Tall stature
B. Testicular agenesis
C. Gynecomastia
D. Epicanthal eye folds - correct answersD. Epicanthal eye folds
The person's phenotype can best be described as:
A. the genetic makeup of an individual.
B. traits that are observable or apparent.
C. traits that are expressed in a recessive pattern.
,D. traits that are expressed in a dominant pattern. - correct answersB. traits that are observable
or apparent.
The criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome diagnosis require the documented presence of which of
the following?
(select all that apply)
A. Three facial abnormalities
B. Growth deficits
C. CNS abnormalities
D. An absence of all or part of the X chromosome - correct answersA. Three facial abnormalities
B. Growth deficits
C. CNS abnormalities
A diabetic client has injured his foot while walking barefoot on the lawn. On admission, which
assessment finding would be considered a localized cardinal sign of acute inflammation?
A. Temperature of 101°F (38.3°C)
B. Fatigue with listlessness
, C. Redness and edema at the injured site
D. Urine output of less than 500 mL/24 hrs (low) - correct answersC. Redness and edema at the
injured site
The nurse is caring for four clients. Select the client who is at greatest risk for decreased wound
healing.
A. A poorly nourished but active 50-year-old man
B. A 76-year-old client who has undergone an elective knee surgery
C. An 80-year-old diabetic client with a foot ulcer
D. A 10-year-old client who is post-appendectomy - correct answersC. An 80-year-old diabetic
client with a foot ulcer
A client with environmental allergies is experiencing respiratory inflammation. Which mediator
causes vasodilation during the vascular stage of the inflammatory response?
A. Histamine
B. Adhesion molecules
C. Memory T cells
D. Leukotrienes - correct answersA. Histamine
correct answers
2025/2026
A mother who is with her son when a cast is removed from his arm asks the nurse "What is
wrong with my son's arm? It looks so small!" What is the nurse's best response?
A."The cells have atrophied due to lack of use and will regain their size as he starts to use the
arm."
B."The cast has squeezed the arm and decreased its size."
C."There is less fluid in the arm due to the arm's being compressed."
D."The child has lost weight." - correct answersA."The cells have atrophied due to lack of use
and will regain their size as he starts to use the arm."
A woman who has just learned that she is pregnant for the first time has sought advice from her
health care provider about the safe use of alcohol during pregnancy. What advice should the
clinician provide to the woman?
,A. "It's likely best to eliminate alcohol from your diet while you're pregnant."
B. "Moderation in alcohol use is critical while you are pregnant."
C. "You should limit yourself to a maximum of one drink daily while you're pregnant."
D. "You should drink no alcohol until you are in your second trimester." - correct answersA. "It's
likely best to eliminate alcohol from your diet while you're pregnant."
A pregnant client has just undergone cytogenetic studies to determine fetal karyotyping. She
learns that her fetus has trisomy 21. Which of the following is a manifestation of this condition?
A. Tall stature
B. Testicular agenesis
C. Gynecomastia
D. Epicanthal eye folds - correct answersD. Epicanthal eye folds
The person's phenotype can best be described as:
A. the genetic makeup of an individual.
B. traits that are observable or apparent.
C. traits that are expressed in a recessive pattern.
,D. traits that are expressed in a dominant pattern. - correct answersB. traits that are observable
or apparent.
The criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome diagnosis require the documented presence of which of
the following?
(select all that apply)
A. Three facial abnormalities
B. Growth deficits
C. CNS abnormalities
D. An absence of all or part of the X chromosome - correct answersA. Three facial abnormalities
B. Growth deficits
C. CNS abnormalities
A diabetic client has injured his foot while walking barefoot on the lawn. On admission, which
assessment finding would be considered a localized cardinal sign of acute inflammation?
A. Temperature of 101°F (38.3°C)
B. Fatigue with listlessness
, C. Redness and edema at the injured site
D. Urine output of less than 500 mL/24 hrs (low) - correct answersC. Redness and edema at the
injured site
The nurse is caring for four clients. Select the client who is at greatest risk for decreased wound
healing.
A. A poorly nourished but active 50-year-old man
B. A 76-year-old client who has undergone an elective knee surgery
C. An 80-year-old diabetic client with a foot ulcer
D. A 10-year-old client who is post-appendectomy - correct answersC. An 80-year-old diabetic
client with a foot ulcer
A client with environmental allergies is experiencing respiratory inflammation. Which mediator
causes vasodilation during the vascular stage of the inflammatory response?
A. Histamine
B. Adhesion molecules
C. Memory T cells
D. Leukotrienes - correct answersA. Histamine
