CH. 8 – Microbial Genetics and Genetic Engineering
8.1 DNA as the Genetic Material
EASY
1. From the introduction to this chapter, what is the correct pairing of organism with the number of base
pairs contained in its genome?
a. Prochlorococcus/1.6 million base pairs
b. oak tree/750 million base pairs
C. human/1 billion base pairs
EASY
2. The three fundamental functions of genetic material in a cell include:
a. storage of information needed for making all the biochemical and structural parts of a living organism
b. accurate replication of the information so that it may be passed on to the next generation
c. opportunity for genetic variation to decrease diversity in populations so that they will have a chance to
survive environmental change
D. only answers a and b are correct
e. all of these are correct
EASY
3. The basic structure of the double DNA helix includes
a. two separate nucleotide helices twisted together
b. strands are held together by base pairs bonded together via hydrogen bonds
c. bonding between base pairs is complementary, always pairing adenine to thymine and cytosine to
guanine.
d. hereditary information is stored in the sequence of bases.
E. all of these are correct
MEDIUM
4. Which of the following matching of terms is incorrect?
a. genome/all the genetic information in an organism
B. protein synthesis/translation followed by transcription
c. genes/units of heredity that code for production of either RNA or protein
d. chromosomes/ threadlike structures composed of genes
MEDIUM
5. DNA functions in ___________________, while RNA functions in _________________.
a. translation/ transcription
B. self-replication and protein synthesis/protein synthesis only
c. making chromosomes/making genes
d. chromosomes/plasmids
HARD
6. Major differences between DNA and RNA include all of these except
A. DNA uses thymine while RNA substitutes cytosine
b. DNA is usually found in a double helix while RNA usually is single-stranded
c. DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose
, 2
d. DNA is used in self-replication and protein synthesis, while RNA is used only in protein synthesis
MEDIUM
7. The primary features in protein synthesis include
a. rewriting of DNA as RNA using the DNA template strand
b. building the primary structure protein on the ribosome
c. using tRNA as anticodon to bring nucleic acids to the ribosome
D. only a and b are correct
e. a, b, and c are correct
MEDIUM
8. Match the Genetics term with the correct description:
Genetics term Description
Genotype C a. observable characteristics of an organism as determined by genes
Phenotype A b. small, self-replicating rings of DNA found in bacteria
Plasmid B c. entire genetic makeup of an organism
Codon D d. sets of three nucleotides making up RNA
HARD
9. Match the DNA replication enzyme with its function in a bacterium:
DNA Replication Enzyme Function
DNA Helicase B a. DNA proofreading
DNA gyrase E b. unwinds double-stranded DNA at beginning
DNA polymerase III A c. links Okazaki fragments together
DNA polymerase I D d. removes and replaces RNA primers with nucleotides
DNA ligase C e. helps DNA strands unwind, removes supercoils
HARD
10. In comparing DNA semi-conservative replication in Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes, key differences
include all except
A. in bacteria about 100 nucleotides are incorporated per second, while in Eukaryotes only 25
nucleotides are replicated per second
b. total time for replication of bacterial chromosome is 40 minutes, while in Eukaryotes total time is
several hours
c. In bacteria like E. coli DNA replication begins again before its replication is complete, while in
Eukaryotes DNA replication starts at thousands of sites on all the chromosomes simultaneously
d. E. coli can divide under excellent conditions every 20 minutes, while in Eukaryotes cell division takes
much longer.
8.2 From DNA to Protein
MEDIUM
11. Match the terms used in Transcription with their descriptions:
Transcription Terms Descriptions
Promoter region A a. binding sites for enzymes that bind RNA polymerase to DNA, separate
strands of DNA and select template strand
Terminator E b. strand not used as template
Coding Strand B c. strand used as pattern for mRNA using complementary base pairing
RNA Polymerase D d. enzyme complex that directs building of mRNA transcript
Template Strand C e. DNA sequences that bind factors to stop transcription and release newly
8.1 DNA as the Genetic Material
EASY
1. From the introduction to this chapter, what is the correct pairing of organism with the number of base
pairs contained in its genome?
a. Prochlorococcus/1.6 million base pairs
b. oak tree/750 million base pairs
C. human/1 billion base pairs
EASY
2. The three fundamental functions of genetic material in a cell include:
a. storage of information needed for making all the biochemical and structural parts of a living organism
b. accurate replication of the information so that it may be passed on to the next generation
c. opportunity for genetic variation to decrease diversity in populations so that they will have a chance to
survive environmental change
D. only answers a and b are correct
e. all of these are correct
EASY
3. The basic structure of the double DNA helix includes
a. two separate nucleotide helices twisted together
b. strands are held together by base pairs bonded together via hydrogen bonds
c. bonding between base pairs is complementary, always pairing adenine to thymine and cytosine to
guanine.
d. hereditary information is stored in the sequence of bases.
E. all of these are correct
MEDIUM
4. Which of the following matching of terms is incorrect?
a. genome/all the genetic information in an organism
B. protein synthesis/translation followed by transcription
c. genes/units of heredity that code for production of either RNA or protein
d. chromosomes/ threadlike structures composed of genes
MEDIUM
5. DNA functions in ___________________, while RNA functions in _________________.
a. translation/ transcription
B. self-replication and protein synthesis/protein synthesis only
c. making chromosomes/making genes
d. chromosomes/plasmids
HARD
6. Major differences between DNA and RNA include all of these except
A. DNA uses thymine while RNA substitutes cytosine
b. DNA is usually found in a double helix while RNA usually is single-stranded
c. DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose
, 2
d. DNA is used in self-replication and protein synthesis, while RNA is used only in protein synthesis
MEDIUM
7. The primary features in protein synthesis include
a. rewriting of DNA as RNA using the DNA template strand
b. building the primary structure protein on the ribosome
c. using tRNA as anticodon to bring nucleic acids to the ribosome
D. only a and b are correct
e. a, b, and c are correct
MEDIUM
8. Match the Genetics term with the correct description:
Genetics term Description
Genotype C a. observable characteristics of an organism as determined by genes
Phenotype A b. small, self-replicating rings of DNA found in bacteria
Plasmid B c. entire genetic makeup of an organism
Codon D d. sets of three nucleotides making up RNA
HARD
9. Match the DNA replication enzyme with its function in a bacterium:
DNA Replication Enzyme Function
DNA Helicase B a. DNA proofreading
DNA gyrase E b. unwinds double-stranded DNA at beginning
DNA polymerase III A c. links Okazaki fragments together
DNA polymerase I D d. removes and replaces RNA primers with nucleotides
DNA ligase C e. helps DNA strands unwind, removes supercoils
HARD
10. In comparing DNA semi-conservative replication in Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes, key differences
include all except
A. in bacteria about 100 nucleotides are incorporated per second, while in Eukaryotes only 25
nucleotides are replicated per second
b. total time for replication of bacterial chromosome is 40 minutes, while in Eukaryotes total time is
several hours
c. In bacteria like E. coli DNA replication begins again before its replication is complete, while in
Eukaryotes DNA replication starts at thousands of sites on all the chromosomes simultaneously
d. E. coli can divide under excellent conditions every 20 minutes, while in Eukaryotes cell division takes
much longer.
8.2 From DNA to Protein
MEDIUM
11. Match the terms used in Transcription with their descriptions:
Transcription Terms Descriptions
Promoter region A a. binding sites for enzymes that bind RNA polymerase to DNA, separate
strands of DNA and select template strand
Terminator E b. strand not used as template
Coding Strand B c. strand used as pattern for mRNA using complementary base pairing
RNA Polymerase D d. enzyme complex that directs building of mRNA transcript
Template Strand C e. DNA sequences that bind factors to stop transcription and release newly
