Exam 2 study guide with 100%
Verified UPDATED
SOLUTIONS!!!!
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Week 4 unit 4 exam 2 study guide
Fluid and electrolytes
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW
• Body is about 60% water
• Two main compartments: Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid
• Intracellular: 66%
• Extracellular: 33%
INTRACELLULAR
• Contained within the body cells
• About 25 L
EXTRACELLULAR
• Most important area of homeostasis, area outside cells
• Divided into intravascular space and interstitial spaces
• Extracellular fluid volume is about 15L
Homeostasis
Proper functioning of all body systems; requires fluid and
electrolyte balance
◦ Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Extracellular fluid space –
◦ Intravascular fluid
◦ Interstitial fluid
Fluid Balance
• Closely linked to/affected by electrolyte concentrations
• Fluid intake
2.3 to 3 liters a day
• Fluid loss
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste
products = 400 to 600 mL/day.
Insensible water loss – Through skin, lungs, stool. Usually, 500
to 1L a day.
This increases during a fever, tachypnea and extreme stress
Dehydration assessment finding
N: Altertered mental status
Cv: increase HR, weak and thready pulse, decrease BP, flat veins
Pulm: tachypneic
GI: constipated
GU: decrease urine output
Skin/mm: dry
Weight: decreases
Vs: increase HR increase temp, decrease bp
Labs : BUN/Creatine increases, NA+, H/H, urine specifc gravity.
Facts to Remember...
• Any fluid imbalances that occur = continuous assessment of UOP
(Who?).
• 1 L of water weighs 2.2 lb, equal to 1 kg
• Weight change of 1 lb = fluid volume change of about 500 mL
Fluid Volume Deficit: Dehydration
Fluid intake/retention does not meet body’s fluid needs, results in
fluid volume deficit
Assessment
◦ Thready and increased pulse rate; decreased BP; lethargy;
decreased UOP; dry mucous membranes; constipation;
thirst.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
◦ increased H&H (hemoconcentration), BUN, sodium, and
urine specific gravity
◦ Causes – vomiting, diarrhea, ileostomy, laxatives, burns,
fever, diuretics, GI suctioning, and NPO.
Interview/Risk Factors
◦ Inquire about recent dietary habits
◦ Use of OTC diuretics (excessive use?)
◦ Outdoor activities
◦ Weight gain and weight loss
Fluid volume dehydration r/t N/V/D x 3days AZOTHEMIA –
ELEVATED BUN
What will you do for this pt
1. Ns @150ml/hr x 12hrs
2. Antiemetic as ordered
3. Daily weights
4. Accurate I/O
5. VS
6. Q4HRS
7. Trend labs
8. Fall precautions
9. Oral care
Cardiac monitor r replace
electrolytes as ordered
Fluid Volume Overload
Assessment
◦ Bounding and increase pulse; elevated BP; dyspnea; crackles
on lung auscultation; edema; decreased hematocrit
Verified UPDATED
SOLUTIONS!!!!
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Week 4 unit 4 exam 2 study guide
Fluid and electrolytes
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW
• Body is about 60% water
• Two main compartments: Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid
• Intracellular: 66%
• Extracellular: 33%
INTRACELLULAR
• Contained within the body cells
• About 25 L
EXTRACELLULAR
• Most important area of homeostasis, area outside cells
• Divided into intravascular space and interstitial spaces
• Extracellular fluid volume is about 15L
Homeostasis
Proper functioning of all body systems; requires fluid and
electrolyte balance
◦ Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Extracellular fluid space –
◦ Intravascular fluid
◦ Interstitial fluid
Fluid Balance
• Closely linked to/affected by electrolyte concentrations
• Fluid intake
2.3 to 3 liters a day
• Fluid loss
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Minimum urine amount needed to excrete toxic waste
products = 400 to 600 mL/day.
Insensible water loss – Through skin, lungs, stool. Usually, 500
to 1L a day.
This increases during a fever, tachypnea and extreme stress
Dehydration assessment finding
N: Altertered mental status
Cv: increase HR, weak and thready pulse, decrease BP, flat veins
Pulm: tachypneic
GI: constipated
GU: decrease urine output
Skin/mm: dry
Weight: decreases
Vs: increase HR increase temp, decrease bp
Labs : BUN/Creatine increases, NA+, H/H, urine specifc gravity.
Facts to Remember...
• Any fluid imbalances that occur = continuous assessment of UOP
(Who?).
• 1 L of water weighs 2.2 lb, equal to 1 kg
• Weight change of 1 lb = fluid volume change of about 500 mL
Fluid Volume Deficit: Dehydration
Fluid intake/retention does not meet body’s fluid needs, results in
fluid volume deficit
Assessment
◦ Thready and increased pulse rate; decreased BP; lethargy;
decreased UOP; dry mucous membranes; constipation;
thirst.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
◦ increased H&H (hemoconcentration), BUN, sodium, and
urine specific gravity
◦ Causes – vomiting, diarrhea, ileostomy, laxatives, burns,
fever, diuretics, GI suctioning, and NPO.
Interview/Risk Factors
◦ Inquire about recent dietary habits
◦ Use of OTC diuretics (excessive use?)
◦ Outdoor activities
◦ Weight gain and weight loss
Fluid volume dehydration r/t N/V/D x 3days AZOTHEMIA –
ELEVATED BUN
What will you do for this pt
1. Ns @150ml/hr x 12hrs
2. Antiemetic as ordered
3. Daily weights
4. Accurate I/O
5. VS
6. Q4HRS
7. Trend labs
8. Fall precautions
9. Oral care
Cardiac monitor r replace
electrolytes as ordered
Fluid Volume Overload
Assessment
◦ Bounding and increase pulse; elevated BP; dyspnea; crackles
on lung auscultation; edema; decreased hematocrit
