Test Bank for Washington and Leaver's Principles and Practice of Radiation Therapy, 5th Edition by Charles M. Washington

Chapter_01.bnk

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Knowledge of cancer dates back to which of the following?
a. 1600 BC Egypt
b. 1600 AD England
c. 400 BC Greece
d. 1900 AD Germany

ANS: a
The first known observations of cancer date back to 1600 BC Egypt.
PTS: 1
OTH: 3 | MultipleChoice

2.Which of the following is not a term for genes involved in the cancer
process?

a. Anti-oncogenes
b. Oncogenes
c. Proto-oncogenes
d. Somato-oncogenes

ANS: d
Anti-oncogenes, oncogenes, and proto-oncogenes have all been
identified as playing a part in the development of tumors.
Somato-oncogenes do not exist.
PTS: 1
OTH: 3 | MultipleChoice

3. Tumor-suppressor genes are also known as ___________.
a. anti-oncogenes
b. oncogenes
c. proto-oncogenes
d. somato-oncogenes

ANS: a

,Although more commonly called tumor-suppressor genes, these genes
are also known as anti-oncogenes.
PTS: 1
OTH: 3 | MultipleChoice

4. Which of the following is not a phase of the mammalian cell cycle?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. G3

ANS: d
G0 is a resting phase where cells do not enter mitosis. G1 and G2 are
growth phases during the mammalian cell cycle. Although some algae
species demonstrate a relatively long phase between nuclear division and
cleavage of the cell termed G3, this phase is not part of the mammalian
cell cycle.
PTS: 1
OTH: 3 | MultipleChoice

5.Which phase of the mammalian cell cycle is composed of functional
cells not preparing for DNA replication?

a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S
e. M

ANS: a
G0 is typically depicted outside the cell cycle because cells in this phase
are not preparing for DNA synthesis.
PTS: 1
OTH: 4 | MultipleChoice

6.In which phase of the mammalian cell cycle does DNA synthesis
occur?

,a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S
e. M

ANS: d
"S" is representative of synthesis and is the phase in which DNA
synthesis occurs.
PTS: 1
OTH: 4 | MultipleChoice

7. Identify the correct order for the phases of the mammalian cell cycle.

a. G1, G2, M, S
b. G1, G2, S, M
c. G1, M, G2, S
d. G1, S, G2, M

ANS: d
The typical mammalian cell will move from G1 to S, followed by G2,
and then M. Some cells will eventually pause in G0 after M.
PTS: 1
OTH: 3 | MultipleChoice

8. Which of the following is true of anaplastic tumors?

a. Closely resemble the cells of origin
b. Maintain some resemblance of the cells of origin
c. Do not resemble the cells of origin

ANS: c
Anaplastic tumors are also known as undifferentiated tumors.
Undifferentiated cells do not resemble the normal cells of origin.
PTS: 1
OTH: 2 | MultipleChoice

9. Which of the following is (are) true of benign tumors?

, a. Well differentiated
b. Do not metastasize
c. Encapsulated
d. All of the above

ANS: d
Benign tumors typically are well differentiated, do not metastasize, and
are encapsulated.
PTS: 1
OTH: 2 | MultipleChoice

10. Which of the following factors does not affect the incidence of tumor
sites?

a. Informational
b. Environmental
c. Technological
d. Geographic

ANS: a
Tumor site incidence is affected by environmental factors such as sun
exposure. It is also affected by technological factors such as the advent
of more precise imaging modalities. Additionally, tumor site incidence is
affected by geographic factors, as exemplified by gastrointestinal
cancers in Japan.
PTS: 1
OTH: 3 | MultipleChoice

11. What is defined as the "study of the cause of disease"?

a. Etiology
b. Etymology
c. Epidemiology
d. Entomology

ANS: a
Etiology is defined as the "study of the cause of disease." Etymology is