BUSINESS
SECOND TRIMESTRE
TERM 1: Political behavior and organization
The Psychological contract
The basic assumptions that individuals have about their relationships with their organization.
Such contracts are defined in terms of contributions by the individual and inducements from
the organization.
Person - job fit → the contributions made by the individual match the inducements offered by
the organization
Personality and individual behaviour
The “Big Five” personality traits:
★ Agreeableness → simpatía, good energy
★ Conscientiousness → being careful
★ Negative emotionality → anxiety, stress, worry
★ Extroversion
★ Openness → sinceridad
,Normally there are 2 types of employees:
● The one who is motivated and positive to work
● The one who is very negative and unmotivated to do his tasks
An extrovert person can work correctly in teams and deal better with other employees
Myers - Briggs Framework → to understand people personality
➢ Extroversion vs Introversion
○ Extraverts get their energy from being around people, whereas introverts are
worn out by others and need solitude to recharge their energy
➢ Sensing vs Intuition
○ The sensing type prefers concrete things, whereas intuitive people prefer
abstract concepts
➢ Thinking vs Feeling
○ Thinking individuals base their decisions more on logic and reason, whereas
feeling individuals base their decisions more on feeling and emotions
➢ Judging vs Perceiving
○ People who are the judging type enjoy completion or being finished, whereas
perceiving types enjoy the process and open-ended situations
Attitudes and individual behaviour
Attitudes → beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations or people.
These are important because they are the mechanism through which most people express
their feelings
➔ Three components
◆ Affective → reflects feelings & emotions an individual has towards a situation
◆ Cognitive → derived from knowledge of an individual about a situation
◆ Intentional → how an individual expects to behave in the situation
Perception and individual behaviour
Perception → set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets
information about the environment
➔ Two basic perceptual processes
◆ Selective → we screen out information that causes us discomfort or that
contradicts our beliefs
◆ Stereotyping → we categorize people on the basis of a single attribute
, Organizational politics
Refers to intentional behaviours that are designed to protect a person’s influence and
self-interest
Features:
➢ Goal → personal benefit from the use of power and not organizational benefit
➢ It is a deliberate effort on the part of people to use politics as a source to expand their
power
➢ It is not part of a person’s job requirement
➢ Decisions are based on compromises and bargains and not rational acts
COMMON POLITICAL BEHAVIORS:
● Inducement → a manager offers to give something to someone in return for that
individual’s support
● Persuasion
● Creation of an obligation → one manager might support a recommendation made by
another manager. Although he might really have no opinion, he might think that by
going along, he is incurring a debt from the other manager and will be able to call in
when he wants to get something
● Coercion → use of force to get one’s way
Consequences → low job satisfaction, high stress, low performance, organizational conflict
The meaning of power
Capacity of a person, team or organization to influence others
Expert power → the ability an employee has to show expertise in a subject or
situation
For example, if no one else in the department knows how to run a certain
software program and a specific employee does, that employee has the expert
power in that situation
SECOND TRIMESTRE
TERM 1: Political behavior and organization
The Psychological contract
The basic assumptions that individuals have about their relationships with their organization.
Such contracts are defined in terms of contributions by the individual and inducements from
the organization.
Person - job fit → the contributions made by the individual match the inducements offered by
the organization
Personality and individual behaviour
The “Big Five” personality traits:
★ Agreeableness → simpatía, good energy
★ Conscientiousness → being careful
★ Negative emotionality → anxiety, stress, worry
★ Extroversion
★ Openness → sinceridad
,Normally there are 2 types of employees:
● The one who is motivated and positive to work
● The one who is very negative and unmotivated to do his tasks
An extrovert person can work correctly in teams and deal better with other employees
Myers - Briggs Framework → to understand people personality
➢ Extroversion vs Introversion
○ Extraverts get their energy from being around people, whereas introverts are
worn out by others and need solitude to recharge their energy
➢ Sensing vs Intuition
○ The sensing type prefers concrete things, whereas intuitive people prefer
abstract concepts
➢ Thinking vs Feeling
○ Thinking individuals base their decisions more on logic and reason, whereas
feeling individuals base their decisions more on feeling and emotions
➢ Judging vs Perceiving
○ People who are the judging type enjoy completion or being finished, whereas
perceiving types enjoy the process and open-ended situations
Attitudes and individual behaviour
Attitudes → beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations or people.
These are important because they are the mechanism through which most people express
their feelings
➔ Three components
◆ Affective → reflects feelings & emotions an individual has towards a situation
◆ Cognitive → derived from knowledge of an individual about a situation
◆ Intentional → how an individual expects to behave in the situation
Perception and individual behaviour
Perception → set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets
information about the environment
➔ Two basic perceptual processes
◆ Selective → we screen out information that causes us discomfort or that
contradicts our beliefs
◆ Stereotyping → we categorize people on the basis of a single attribute
, Organizational politics
Refers to intentional behaviours that are designed to protect a person’s influence and
self-interest
Features:
➢ Goal → personal benefit from the use of power and not organizational benefit
➢ It is a deliberate effort on the part of people to use politics as a source to expand their
power
➢ It is not part of a person’s job requirement
➢ Decisions are based on compromises and bargains and not rational acts
COMMON POLITICAL BEHAVIORS:
● Inducement → a manager offers to give something to someone in return for that
individual’s support
● Persuasion
● Creation of an obligation → one manager might support a recommendation made by
another manager. Although he might really have no opinion, he might think that by
going along, he is incurring a debt from the other manager and will be able to call in
when he wants to get something
● Coercion → use of force to get one’s way
Consequences → low job satisfaction, high stress, low performance, organizational conflict
The meaning of power
Capacity of a person, team or organization to influence others
Expert power → the ability an employee has to show expertise in a subject or
situation
For example, if no one else in the department knows how to run a certain
software program and a specific employee does, that employee has the expert
power in that situation
