BSC 2086 Final Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Update 2025-2026
. Down syndrome (trisomy-21) results from ________.
A) nondisjunction
B) a teratogen
C) a mutagen
D) a sex-linked mutation
E) an autosomal recessive allele - Answers A) nondisjunction
2. Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is
4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is ________ mL/min.
A) 6,400
B) 5,600
C) 3,600
D) 4,200
E) 2,400 - Answers D) 4,200
3. The observation that there is a limit to how many times a cell can divide is the basis for the
________ theory of senescence.
A) free radical
B) cross-linking
C) abortive
D) autoimmune
E) replicative - Answers E) replicative
4. Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphosphoglycerate. What would be the
probable reason for doing so?
A) Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload CO2 very well.
B) Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well.
C) A low BPG level causes acidosis of blood.
D) A decline in BPG level is accompanied by a decline in hemoglobin level.
,E) Erythrocytes low in BPG do not load O2 very well. - Answers B) Erythrocytes low in BPG do
not unload O2 very well.
5. Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the
nasal mucosa?
A) Apnea
B) Acute bronchitis
C) Acute rhinitis
D) Asthma
E) Adult respiratory distress syndrome - Answers C) Acute rhinitis
6. Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the ________.
A) inferior vena cava
B) superior vena cava
C) pulmonary vein
D) pulmonary artery
E) aorta - Answers D) pulmonary artery
7. Which of the following organ systems shows the greatest anatomical change in the
transitional period after birth?
A) Muscular system
B) Skeletal system
C) Integumentary system
D) Nervous system
E) Circulatory system - Answers E) Circulatory system
8. During birth, an infant is normally stimulated to breathe by ________.
A) being spanked by the doctor
B) an increased O2 level in the baby's new environment
C) prostaglandins
D) CO2 accumulating in the baby's blood
,E) surfactant - Answers D) CO2 accumulating in the baby's blood
9. Mesenchyme gives rise to ________.
A) muscle, bone, and blood
B) digestive organs and endocrine glands
C) nervous tissue
D) the integumentary system and exocrine glands
E) reproductive and urinary systems - Answers A) muscle, bone, and blood
10. Which of the following lists the stages or structures of prenatal development in the correct
order?
A) Cleavage, zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryo, fetus
B) Zygote, embryo, morula, blastocyst, cleavage, fetus
C) Zygote, morula, blastocyst, cleavage, embryo, fetus
D) Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyst, embryo, fetus
E) Embryo, zygote, blastocyst, cleavage, morula, fetus - Answers D) Zygote, cleavage, morula,
blastocyst, embryo, fetus
31. Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen-oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in
order to avoid what condition?
A) The bends
B) Caisson disease
C) Rapture of the deep
D) Hypoxemic hypoxia
E) Oxygen toxicity - Answers E) Oxygen toxicity
32. Which of the following is not a known benefit of regular exercise?
A) Maintained joint mobility
B) Prolonged life expectancy
C) Maintained endurance
D) Decreased incidence of hypertension
, E) Maintained strength - Answers B) Prolonged life expectancy
33. Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of
this hormone is to ________.
A) prevent pH changes caused by organic acids
B) enhance atrial contractions
C) reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
D) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism - Answers C) reduce blood pressure and blood
volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
34. Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the
mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the following structures makes this possible during
the first three months of pregnancy?
A) the chorion
B) corona radiata
C) corpus luteum
D) the amnion - Answers C) corpus luteum
35. Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________.
A) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation
B) contraction of uterine muscles
C) development of the female secondary sex characteristics
D) proliferation of the uterine myometrium - Answers A) preparation of the mammary glands for
lactation
36. Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes?
A) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body.
B) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.
C) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.
D) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body. - Answers C) Inadequate or nonviable
sperm will be produced.
37. Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
. Down syndrome (trisomy-21) results from ________.
A) nondisjunction
B) a teratogen
C) a mutagen
D) a sex-linked mutation
E) an autosomal recessive allele - Answers A) nondisjunction
2. Your breathing rate is 12 breaths/minute; your tidal volume is 500 mL; your vital capacity is
4700 mL; and your dead air space is 150 mL. Your alveolar ventilation rate is ________ mL/min.
A) 6,400
B) 5,600
C) 3,600
D) 4,200
E) 2,400 - Answers D) 4,200
3. The observation that there is a limit to how many times a cell can divide is the basis for the
________ theory of senescence.
A) free radical
B) cross-linking
C) abortive
D) autoimmune
E) replicative - Answers E) replicative
4. Blood banks dispose of blood that has low levels of bisphosphoglycerate. What would be the
probable reason for doing so?
A) Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload CO2 very well.
B) Erythrocytes low in BPG do not unload O2 very well.
C) A low BPG level causes acidosis of blood.
D) A decline in BPG level is accompanied by a decline in hemoglobin level.
,E) Erythrocytes low in BPG do not load O2 very well. - Answers B) Erythrocytes low in BPG do
not unload O2 very well.
5. Which of these is most likely to result from contact between contaminated fingers and the
nasal mucosa?
A) Apnea
B) Acute bronchitis
C) Acute rhinitis
D) Asthma
E) Adult respiratory distress syndrome - Answers C) Acute rhinitis
6. Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the ________.
A) inferior vena cava
B) superior vena cava
C) pulmonary vein
D) pulmonary artery
E) aorta - Answers D) pulmonary artery
7. Which of the following organ systems shows the greatest anatomical change in the
transitional period after birth?
A) Muscular system
B) Skeletal system
C) Integumentary system
D) Nervous system
E) Circulatory system - Answers E) Circulatory system
8. During birth, an infant is normally stimulated to breathe by ________.
A) being spanked by the doctor
B) an increased O2 level in the baby's new environment
C) prostaglandins
D) CO2 accumulating in the baby's blood
,E) surfactant - Answers D) CO2 accumulating in the baby's blood
9. Mesenchyme gives rise to ________.
A) muscle, bone, and blood
B) digestive organs and endocrine glands
C) nervous tissue
D) the integumentary system and exocrine glands
E) reproductive and urinary systems - Answers A) muscle, bone, and blood
10. Which of the following lists the stages or structures of prenatal development in the correct
order?
A) Cleavage, zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryo, fetus
B) Zygote, embryo, morula, blastocyst, cleavage, fetus
C) Zygote, morula, blastocyst, cleavage, embryo, fetus
D) Zygote, cleavage, morula, blastocyst, embryo, fetus
E) Embryo, zygote, blastocyst, cleavage, morula, fetus - Answers D) Zygote, cleavage, morula,
blastocyst, embryo, fetus
31. Scuba divers breathe a nitrogen-oxygen mixture rather than pure compressed oxygen in
order to avoid what condition?
A) The bends
B) Caisson disease
C) Rapture of the deep
D) Hypoxemic hypoxia
E) Oxygen toxicity - Answers E) Oxygen toxicity
32. Which of the following is not a known benefit of regular exercise?
A) Maintained joint mobility
B) Prolonged life expectancy
C) Maintained endurance
D) Decreased incidence of hypertension
, E) Maintained strength - Answers B) Prolonged life expectancy
33. Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of
this hormone is to ________.
A) prevent pH changes caused by organic acids
B) enhance atrial contractions
C) reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
D) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism - Answers C) reduce blood pressure and blood
volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
34. Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the
mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the following structures makes this possible during
the first three months of pregnancy?
A) the chorion
B) corona radiata
C) corpus luteum
D) the amnion - Answers C) corpus luteum
35. Secretion of progesterone stimulates ________.
A) preparation of the mammary glands for lactation
B) contraction of uterine muscles
C) development of the female secondary sex characteristics
D) proliferation of the uterine myometrium - Answers A) preparation of the mammary glands for
lactation
36. Which of the following occurs as a result of undescended testes?
A) Sperm will have no means of exit from the body.
B) Inadequate blood supply will retard the development of the testes.
C) Inadequate or nonviable sperm will be produced.
D) Male sex hormones will not be circulated in the body. - Answers C) Inadequate or nonviable
sperm will be produced.
37. Human egg and sperm are similar in that ________.
